• Skip to main content
  • Skip to secondary menu
  • Skip to primary sidebar
  • Skip to footer
  • RS Aggarwal Solutions
    • RS Aggarwal Class 10 Solutions
    • RS Aggarwal Class 9 Solutions
    • RS Aggarwal Solutions Class 8
    • RS Aggarwal Solutions Class 7
    • RS Aggarwal Solutions Class 6
  • ICSE Solutions
    • ICSE Solutions for Class 10
    • ICSE Solutions for Class 9
    • ICSE Solutions for Class 8
    • ICSE Solutions for Class 7
    • ICSE Solutions for Class 6
  • Selina Solutions
  • ML Aggarwal Solutions
  • ISC & ICSE Papers
    • ICSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10
    • ISC Previous Year Question Papers
    • ICSE Specimen Paper 2021-2022 Class 10 Solved
    • ICSE Specimen Papers 2020 for Class 9
    • ISC Specimen Papers 2020 for Class 12
    • ISC Specimen Papers 2020 for Class 11
    • ICSE Time Table 2020 Class 10
    • ISC Time Table 2020 Class 12
  • Maths
    • Merit Batch

A Plus Topper

Improve your Grades

  • CBSE Sample Papers
  • HSSLive
    • HSSLive Plus Two
    • HSSLive Plus One
    • Kerala SSLC
  • Exams
  • NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths
  • NIOS
  • Chemistry
  • Physics
  • ICSE Books

What are Synthetic Fibres and give some Examples

November 30, 2020 by sastry

What are Synthetic Fibres and give some Examples

Most clothing materials or fabrics we use in our day-to-day lives are made from thin, thread-like fibres. Fibres can be either natural or artificial.
Natural fabrics have been used for clothing since ancient times. But nowadays, synthetic fibres are largely used for clothing and other purposes.

Synthetic fibres

Fibres that are made by human beings are called synthetic fibres. Most synthetic fibres are obtained from coal, petroleum, and natural gas. A synthetic fibre consists of multiple units (each of which is a chemical substance), which are joined together to form a single unit called a polymer (poly: many; mer: unit). The structure of a polymer can be described as resembling numerous beads on a string, with the beads representing the individual units that are joined together.
Rayon, nylon, polyester, acrylic, and spandex are examples of synthetic fibres.

  1. Polyamides and polyesters are two groups of synthetic fibres with high strength, not easily stretched and used as textile.
  2. Nylon is an example of polyamide polymers. Terylene is an example of polyester polymers.
  3. Nylon and terylene are produced through condensation polymerisation.
  4. Nylon
    (a) Nylon is a general term given to the synthetic polymer made from two types of monomer, diamine molecules and diacid molecules.
    (b) A diamine molecule has two -NH2 groups and a diacid has two -COOH groups.
    (c) Diacid molecules and diamine molecules undergo condensation reaction to form nylon and water.
    What are Synthetic Fibres and give some Examples 1
    (d) Nylon-6,6 is manufactured from polymerisation of hexane-1,6-diamine and hexane-1,6-dioc acid.
    What are Synthetic Fibres and give some Examples 2
    (e) Nylon-6,6 is a strong, tough and waterproof polymer and can be easily made into fibres.
    (f) Nylon is used to make toothbrushes, ropes, fishing lines, parachutes, carpets, textile, threads and electrical insulators.
  5. Terylene
    (a) The monomers used to make polyester are diol molecules and diacid molecules.
    (b) A diol molecule has two -OH groups and a diacid molecule has two -COOH groups.
    (c) When many diacid molecules condense with diol molecules, a polyester and water are formed.
    What are Synthetic Fibres and give some Examples 3
    (d) Terylene for example, is manufactured from ethane-1,2-diol and (benzene)benzoic- 1,4- dicarboxylic acid.
    What are Synthetic Fibres and give some Examples 4
    (e) Terylene is suitable for making textile, stocking, parachutes and fishing nets because it is elastic, chemically inert, can be coloured and easily made into fibre.

People also ask

  • What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Synthetic Fibres
  • Is Polyester Synthetic or Artificial
  • What is the most common type of plastic?
  • How polymers are classified?
  • Justify the uses of synthetic polymers in daily life

Rayon

Rayon, also called artificial silk, is prepared from cellulose (which comes from wood pulp).

Properties

  1. It absorbs sweat. Rayon clothes are, therefore, preferred over other synthetic fibres in summer.
  2. It is shiny and lustrous and resembles silk in appearance.

Uses

  • Rayon is used for making shirts, ties, home furnishing (bed sheets, curtains, tablecloths, sofa covers, etc.), and bandages.

    What are Synthetic Fibres and give some Examples 5
    Rayon Ties

Nylon

Nylon was the first true synthetic fibre. It was first produced in the early 1930s by the scientists at the DuPont Company from coal, water, and air.

Properties

  1. It is elastic and does not lose strength even after repeated use.
  2. It is lustrous and easy to wash.

Uses

  1. Nylon is used for making saris, socks, stockings, tents, umbrellas, parachutes, and tarpaulins.
  2. Nylon fibres are used for making toothbrush bristles.
  3. Due to their high strength and elasticity, nylon threads are used for making fishing nets, climbing ropes, and strings of badminton and tennis racquets.

    What are Synthetic Fibres and give some Examples 6
    Strings of a tennis racquet are made of nylon.

Polyester

Polyester is of different types. The most commonly used polyester is Terylene. It is blended with natural fibres to improve its properties. Terrycot, a blend of Terylene and cotton, has better absorbing power as compared to Terylene. Terylene is blended with wool to make Terrywool, which is warm in addition to all the characteristics observed in polyesters.

Properties

  1. It is strong, lightweight, and has good elasticity.
  2. It resists wrinkling and springs back into shape when creased.
  3. Polyester fabrics can be washed and dried easily and quickly.

Note: Elasticity Ability of a material to return to its original shape after it has been stretched or compressed

Uses

  1. Polyester is used for making lightweight sails.

    What are Synthetic Fibres and give some Examples 7
    Sails made of polyester
  2. Polyester films (commonly known as Mylar) are used for making magnetic recording tapes in audio cassettes, video cassettes, and floppy disks.
  3. Terylene is used for making conveyor belts as it is very elastic. Terrycot is commonly used for making shirts, skirts, and other dress materials.
  4. Terrywool is used for making formal suits.

Acrylic

Acrylic fibres, also known as Orion and Acrilan, closely resemble wool.

Properties

  1. It is warm, soft, light, and flexible.
  2. It is resistant to moths and chemicals.

Uses

  • Acrylic is used for making sweaters, socks, shawls, carpets, and blankets.

Spandex

Spandex, also known as Lycra, was invented by the DuPont chemist Joseph Shivers in 1959.

Properties

  • It has excellent elasticity, which makes it suitable for use in clothes that require snug fitting.

Uses

  • Spandex is used for making swimming costumes. It is often mixed with other fibres, like cotton, to get stretch fabrics, which are used for making caps and T-shirts.

Filed Under: Biology Tagged With: Acrylic, Nylon, Polyester, Properties, Rayon, Spandex, Synthetic fibres, Uses

Primary Sidebar

  • MCQ Questions
  • RS Aggarwal Solutions
  • RS Aggarwal Solutions Class 10
  • RS Aggarwal Solutions Class 9
  • RS Aggarwal Solutions Class 8
  • RS Aggarwal Solutions Class 7
  • RS Aggarwal Solutions Class 6
  • ICSE Solutions
  • Selina ICSE Solutions
  • Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions
  • Concise Physics Class 10 ICSE Solutions
  • Concise Chemistry Class 10 ICSE Solutions
  • Concise Biology Class 10 ICSE Solutions
  • Concise Mathematics Class 9 ICSE Solutions
  • Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE Solutions
  • Concise Chemistry Class 9 ICSE Solutions
  • Concise Biology Class 9 ICSE Solutions
  • ML Aggarwal Solutions
  • ML Aggarwal Class 10 Solutions
  • ML Aggarwal Class 9 Solutions
  • ML Aggarwal Class 8 Solutions
  • ML Aggarwal Class 7 Solutions
  • ML Aggarwal Class 6 Solutions
  • HSSLive Plus One
  • HSSLive Plus Two
  • Kerala SSLC

Recent Posts

  • The Day Before An Examination Essay | Essay on The Day Before An Examination for Students and Children in English
  • Essay on My School Life | My School Life Essay for Children and Students in English
  • Student’s Unrest Essay | Essay on Student’s Unrest for Students and Children in English
  • A Farewell Party Essay | Essay on Farewell Party at School, My Last Day At School
  • Importance Of School Essay | Essay on Importance Of School for Students and Children in English
  • Advantages and Disadvantages Essay Topics for Students, IELTS & Learners
  • Slogans on Birthday | Unique and Catchy Slogans on Birthday in English
  • Virtual Reality Advantages And Disadvantages | What is Virtual Reality (VR)?, Benefits, Drawbacks, Pros and Cons
  • Application for TC by Parents Format and Samples | How to Write an Application for Transfer Certificate?
  • Scrabble Word Finder | Common Words to Boost your Scrabble Scores
  • Death Certificate | How To Apply, Documents Required and Late Fees for Death Certificate

Footer

  • RS Aggarwal Solutions
  • RS Aggarwal Solutions Class 10
  • RS Aggarwal Solutions Class 9
  • RS Aggarwal Solutions Class 8
  • RS Aggarwal Solutions Class 7
  • RS Aggarwal Solutions Class 6
  • Picture Dictionary
  • English Speech
  • ICSE Solutions
  • Selina ICSE Solutions
  • ML Aggarwal Solutions
  • HSSLive Plus One
  • HSSLive Plus Two
  • Kerala SSLC
  • Distance Education
DisclaimerPrivacy Policy
Area Volume CalculatorBiology Homework Help
Homework HelpHistory Questions and Answers