{"id":962,"date":"2023-11-29T10:00:22","date_gmt":"2023-11-29T04:30:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/?p=962"},"modified":"2023-11-30T15:34:52","modified_gmt":"2023-11-30T10:04:52","slug":"general-properties-bases","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/general-properties-bases\/","title":{"rendered":"General Properties of Bases"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><span style=\"color: #00ccff;\"><strong>General Properties of Bases<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Some of the characteristic properties of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/the-definition-of-a-base-in-chemistry\/\">bases<\/a> are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bases are bitter to taste a bitter taste is characteristic of all bases.<\/li>\n<li>Bases may or may not be soluble in water Bases that can dissolve in water are called alkalis. Some examples of soluble bases or alkalis are sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and calcium hydroxide.<br \/>\nLike acids, bases can be strong or weak.<br \/>\nStrong bases are very corrosive and can burn the skin.<br \/>\nThese bases should be handled carefully. Caustic soda or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and caustic potash or potassium hydroxide (KOH) are strong and corrosive bases.<br \/>\nOn the other hand, copper hydroxide [Cu(OH)<sub>2<\/sub>], zinc hydroxide [Zn(OH)<sub>2<\/sub>], and ammonium hydroxide (NH<sub>4<\/sub>OH) are weak bases.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-162709\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Properties-of-bases.png\" alt=\"Properties of bases\" width=\"1414\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Properties-of-bases.png 1414w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Properties-of-bases-212x300.png 212w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Properties-of-bases-724x1024.png 724w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Properties-of-bases-768x1086.png 768w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Properties-of-bases-1086x1536.png 1086w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1414px) 100vw, 1414px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The solutions of bases in water give a soapy touch. When dissolved in water they produce hydroxide ions (OH<sup>\u2013<\/sup>) in solution.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-111607 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/General-Properties-of-Bases-1.png\" alt=\"Common properties of bases\" width=\"258\" height=\"129\" \/><\/li>\n<li>They turn red litmus paper blue.<br \/>\nTake some soap solution in a test tube. Dip the tip of a red litmus paper into it. You will see that red litmus paper turns blue. This indicates that the soap solution contains a base.<\/li>\n<li>They react with acids to produce salt and water.<br \/>\nNaOH + HCI \u00a0\u2192 \u00a0<span style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">NaCl + H<\/span><sub>2<\/sub><span style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">O<br \/>\n<\/span>2KOH + H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4 \u00a0<\/sub>\u2192 \u00a0CuSO<sub>4<\/sub> + 2H<sub>2<\/sub>O<br \/>\nCu(OH)<sub>2<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4 \u00a0<\/sub>\u2192 \u00a0CuSO<sub>4<\/sub> + 2H<sub>2<\/sub>O<br \/>\nIn these reactions, the acid and the base neutralize each other. Therefore, these reactions are called neutralization reactions.<br \/>\nThus, a neutralization reaction may be defined as a reaction between an acid and a base, producing salt and water.<br \/>\nThis neutralization reaction may be explained as follows. You know, all acids provide H<sup>+<\/sup> ions and all bases provide OH<sup>\u2013<\/sup> ions in aqueous solution. Let us see what happens when HCl and NaOH react together.<br \/>\nHCl + NaOH \u00a0\u2192 \u00a0NaCl + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<br \/>\nor \u00a0 H<sup>+<\/sup> + Cl<sup>\u2013<\/sup> + Na<sup>+<\/sup> + OH<sup>\u2013\u00a0<\/sup>\u2192 \u00a0Na<sup>+<\/sup> + Cl<sup>\u2013 <\/sup>+ H<sub>2<\/sub>O<br \/>\nor\u00a0\u00a0 H<sup>+<\/sup> + OH<sup>\u2013<\/sup> \u2192 \u00a0H<sub>2<\/sub>O<br \/>\nThus, during neutralization of an acid with a base or vice versa H<sup>+ <\/sup>ions (from acid) and OH<sup>\u2013<\/sup> ions (from base) combine to produce H<sub>2<\/sub>O molecules.<\/li>\n<li>The oxides which produce acids in aqueous solutions are called acidic oxides which are usually the oxides of nonmetals. Acidic oxides react with bases to give salts and water.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-111632 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/General-Properties-of-Bases-2.png\" alt=\"General characteristics of bases\" width=\"358\" height=\"103\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/General-Properties-of-Bases-2.png 358w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/General-Properties-of-Bases-2-300x86.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 358px) 100vw, 358px\" \/><\/li>\n<li>When a base is heated with an ammonium salt, ammonia gas, another salt and water are produced. For example, when sodium hydroxide is heated with ammonium chloride, the products formed are sodium chloride, water and ammonia gas.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-111633 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/General-Properties-of-Bases-3.png\" alt=\"Basic properties of bases\" width=\"438\" height=\"52\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/General-Properties-of-Bases-3.png 438w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/General-Properties-of-Bases-3-300x36.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 438px) 100vw, 438px\" \/><br \/>\nAmmonia gas is recognized by its pungent smell.<\/li>\n<li>Bases react with certain salts to produce another salt and another base. For example, when NH<sub>4<\/sub>OH is added to a solution of Al<sub>2<\/sub>(SO<sub>4<\/sub>)<sub>3<\/sub>, (NH<sub>4<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub> and Al(OH)<sub>3<\/sub> are produced.<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-111634 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/General-Properties-of-Bases-4.png\" alt=\"Chemical properties of bases\" width=\"571\" height=\"51\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/General-Properties-of-Bases-4.png 571w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/General-Properties-of-Bases-4-300x27.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 571px) 100vw, 571px\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Bases need water to show basic properties<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>A base needs to dissolve in water to show basic properties. Bases in dry condition or dissolved in organic solvents do not exhibit basic properties.<\/li>\n<li>A base needs water to produce hydroxide ion which is responsible for basic properties.<\/li>\n<li>Ammonia is a base. It consists of ammonia molecules.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-111635\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/General-Properties-of-Bases-5.png\" alt=\"General Properties of Bases 5\" width=\"219\" height=\"65\" \/><\/li>\n<li>Ammonia does not contain OH<sup>\u2013<\/sup> ions. It needs water to help it to ionise to produce OH<sup>\u2013<\/sup> ions.<\/li>\n<li>Experiment studies the need of water for ammonia to show its basic properties.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>People also ask<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/definition-acid-base\/\">What is the definition of an acid and a base?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/the-definition-of-an-acid-in-chemistry\/\">What is the definition of an acid in chemistry?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/the-definition-of-a-base-in-chemistry\/\">What is the definition of a base in chemistry?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/classification-of-acids\/\">Classification of Acids<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/preparation-of-acids\/\">Preparation of Acids<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/chemical-properties-acid\/\">What are the chemical properties of an acid?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/general-properties-acids\/\">General Properties of Acids<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/uses-of-acids\/\">Uses of Acids<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/preparation-of-bases\/\">Preparation of Bases<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/determines-strong-base-weak-base\/\">What determines a Strong Base and a Weak Base<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/the-uses-of-bases\/\">What are the uses of Bases<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/can-measure-strength-acids-alkalis\/\">How can we measure the strength of acids and alkalis?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/calculate-concentration-acids-alkalis\/\">How to calculate concentration of acids and alkalis?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/prepare-standard-solution\/\">How do you prepare a standard solution?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/meant-neutralization-reaction\/\">What is meant by a neutralization reaction?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/titration-determine-concentration-solution\/\">How does titration determine concentration?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/relationship-ph-values-molarity-acids-alkalis\/\">Relationship between pH values and molarity of acids and alkalis<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/concept-ph-scale\/\">Concept of the pH Scale<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/role-ph-everyday-life\/\">Role of pH in everyday life<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/ph-salt-solution\/\">What is the pH of a salt solution<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Bases need water to show basic properties experiment<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-162710\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Properties-of-bases-in-chemistry.png\" alt=\"Properties of bases in chemistry\" width=\"1414\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Properties-of-bases-in-chemistry.png 1414w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Properties-of-bases-in-chemistry-212x300.png 212w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Properties-of-bases-in-chemistry-724x1024.png 724w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Properties-of-bases-in-chemistry-768x1086.png 768w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Properties-of-bases-in-chemistry-1086x1536.png 1086w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1414px) 100vw, 1414px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Aim:<\/strong> To investigate whether a base needs water to show its basic properties.<br \/>\n<strong>Problem statement:<\/strong> Does a base need water to show its basic properties?<br \/>\n<strong>Hypothesis:<\/strong> A base needs water to show its basic properties.<br \/>\n<strong>Variables:<\/strong><br \/>\n(a) Manipulated variable : Types of solvents<br \/>\n(b) Responding variable : Change in colour of red litmus paper<br \/>\n(c) Controlled variable : Type of base<br \/>\n<strong>Operational definition:<\/strong> A red litmus paper is used to test if a solution is alkaline. Alkaline solutions turn red litmus paper blue.<br \/>\n<strong>Materials:<\/strong> Ammonium chloride, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, distilled water, trichloromethane and red litmus paper.<br \/>\n<strong>Apparatus:<\/strong> Test tubes, boiling tube, beakers, filter funnel, delivery tubes, Bunsen burner, U-tube, stopper, dropper and test tube rack.<br \/>\n<strong>Procedure:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-111636 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/General-Properties-of-Bases-6.png\" alt=\"Properties of bases diagram\" width=\"643\" height=\"164\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/General-Properties-of-Bases-6.png 643w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/General-Properties-of-Bases-6-300x77.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 643px) 100vw, 643px\" \/><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>A solution of ammonia in water and a solution of ammonia in trichloromethane are prepared using the apparatus set-up shown below.<\/li>\n<li>Two test tubes are labelled and placed in a test tube rack.<\/li>\n<li>About 1 cm<sup>3<\/sup> of the solution of ammonia in water is placed in the first test tube (I).<\/li>\n<li>About 1 cm<sup>3<\/sup> of the solution of ammonia in trichloromethane is placed in the second test tube (II).<\/li>\n<li>A piece of dry red litmus paper is dropped into each of the two test tubes.<\/li>\n<li>Any changes that occur are observed and recorded in a table.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Observations:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Discussion:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Ammonia gas is liberated when a mixture of ammonium salt is heated with an alkali.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-111637 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/General-Properties-of-Bases-7.png\" alt=\"Chemical properties of bases with equation\" width=\"619\" height=\"66\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/General-Properties-of-Bases-7.png 619w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/General-Properties-of-Bases-7-300x32.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 619px) 100vw, 619px\" \/><\/li>\n<li>Ammonia gas is a covalent compound composed of ammonia molecules.<\/li>\n<li>In water, the ammonia molecules react with water and ionise to produce ammonium ions and hydroxide ions.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-111638 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/General-Properties-of-Bases-8.png\" alt=\"General Properties of Bases\" width=\"504\" height=\"45\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/General-Properties-of-Bases-8.png 504w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/General-Properties-of-Bases-8-300x27.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 504px) 100vw, 504px\" \/><\/li>\n<li>The presence of mobile ions makes the aqueous solution of ammonia able to conduct electricity.<\/li>\n<li>The hydroxide ion turns red litmus paper blue.<\/li>\n<li>A solution of ammonia in trichloromethane is composed of only ammonia molecules. There are no ions present because the ammonia molecules cannot ionise in organic solvents. Without hydroxide ions, the solution does not show basic properties.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Conclusion:<\/strong><br \/>\nThe aqueous solution of ammonia shows basic properties. The hypothesis can be accepted.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>General Properties of Bases Some of the characteristic properties of bases are: Bases are bitter to taste a bitter taste is characteristic of all bases. Bases may or may not be soluble in water Bases that can dissolve in water are called alkalis. Some examples of soluble bases or alkalis are sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":162708,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[84],"tags":[133,137],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v17.8 (Yoast SEO v17.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>General Properties of Bases - A Plus Topper<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/general-properties-bases\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"General Properties of Bases\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"General Properties of Bases Some of the characteristic properties of bases are: Bases are bitter to taste a bitter taste is characteristic of all bases. 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A Plus Topper","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/general-properties-bases\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"General Properties of Bases","og_description":"General Properties of Bases Some of the characteristic properties of bases are: Bases are bitter to taste a bitter taste is characteristic of all bases. Bases may or may not be soluble in water Bases that can dissolve in water are called alkalis. Some examples of soluble bases or alkalis are sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/general-properties-bases\/","og_site_name":"A Plus Topper","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/aplustopper\/","article_published_time":"2023-11-29T04:30:22+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-11-30T10:04:52+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1280,"height":720,"url":"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/General-Properties-of-Bases.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"sastry","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/#organization","name":"Aplus Topper","url":"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/aplustopper\/"],"logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/#logo","inLanguage":"en-US","url":"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Aplus_380x90-logo.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Aplus_380x90-logo.jpg","width":1585,"height":375,"caption":"Aplus Topper"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/#logo"}},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/","name":"A Plus Topper","description":"Improve your Grades","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/general-properties-bases\/#primaryimage","inLanguage":"en-US","url":"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/General-Properties-of-Bases.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/General-Properties-of-Bases.png","width":1280,"height":720,"caption":"General Properties of Bases"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/general-properties-bases\/#webpage","url":"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/general-properties-bases\/","name":"General Properties of Bases - 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