[March -2016]<\/span> (3)
\nAnswer:<\/p>\nstruct student\r\n{\r\nint regno;\r\nchar name [25];\r\nstruct\r\n{\r\nshort dd;\r\nshort mm;\r\nshort yy;\r\n} dob;\r\nchar sex;\r\n};<\/pre>\nthe structure is a group of different types of logically related data referenced by a single name.<\/p>\n
Question 2.
\nStructure within a structure is termed as__ [March – 2016]<\/span>
\nAnswer:
\nNested structure<\/p>\nQuestion 3.
\nOrphaned memory blocks are undesirable. How can they be avoided [March – 2016]<\/span>
\nOR
\nDiscuss problems created by memory leaks. (2)
\nAnswer:
\nProper use of delete operator is heeded
\n0R
\n1) It causes orphaned memory blocks
\n2) wastage of memory
\n3) insufficient memory
\n4) due to this sometimes system Say be hanged<\/p>\nQuestion 4.
\nExplain the use of for loop with an appropriate example. [March – 2016]<\/span> (3)
\nAnswer:
\nFor loop is used to execute a statement more than once.
\nRefer 5 Mark Question 2<\/p>\nQuestion 5.
\na) How will you free the allocated memory? [Say – 2016]<\/span> (1)
\nb) Define a structure called time to group the hours, minutes and seconds. Also write a statement that declares two variables current-time and next-time which are of type struct time. (2)
\nAnswer:
\na) delete operator is used to free the allocated memory.<\/p>\nb)<\/p>\n
struct time\r\n{\r\nint hours;\r\nint minutes;\r\nint seconds;\r\n};\r\ntime current, next;<\/pre>\nQuestion 6.
\nA program is implemented to find the area of a circle and area of a rectangle with two functions having same name but with different signature. [Say – 2016]<\/span>
\na) Name the concept (1)
\nb) Explain this concept by writing the above program. (2)
\nAnswer:
\na) Polymorphism
\n![\"Plus](\"https:\/\/www.hsslive.guru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Plus-Two-Computer-Science-Chapter-Wise-Previous-Questions-Chapter-1-Structures-and-Pointers-1.png\")
\nHere the function names are same but the return type and number of parameters are different hence distinguish the functions.<\/p>\nQuestion 7.
\na) Write a C++ program to store and print information (name, roll and marks) of a student using structure. [Say – 2016]<\/span> (3)
\nOR
\nb) Write a program in C++ to input the total marks obtained by a group of students in a class and dis-play them in descending order using pointer. (3)
\nAnswer:
\n![\"Plus](\"https:\/\/www.hsslive.guru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Plus-Two-Computer-Science-Chapter-Wise-Previous-Questions-Chapter-1-Structures-and-Pointers-2.png\")
\n![\"Plus](\"https:\/\/www.hsslive.guru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Plus-Two-Computer-Science-Chapter-Wise-Previous-Questions-Chapter-1-Structures-and-Pointers-3.png\")
\nOR
\n![\"Plus](\"https:\/\/www.hsslive.guru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Plus-Two-Computer-Science-Chapter-Wise-Previous-Questions-Chapter-1-Structures-and-Pointers-4.png\")
\nSay
\nQuestion 8.
\nCompare the aspects of arrays and structures. [March – 2017]<\/span> (3)
\nAnswer:
\nArray-: An array is a collection of elements with same data fypeOr with the same name we can store many elements, the first or second or third etc can be distinguished by using the index(subscript). The first element\u2019s index is 0, the second elements index is 1, and so on.<\/p>\nTo store 100 numbers the array declaration is as follows<\/p>\n
int n[100]; By this we store 100 numbers. The index of the first element is O and the index of last element is 99.<\/p>\n
Structure -: But a Structure is a group of different types of Ipgically related data referenced by a single name.
\nEg. The collection of details of a student that may contain various data with different data types.<\/p>\n
Eg.<\/p>\n
struct student\r\n{\r\nint adm_no;\r\nchar name[40];\r\nfloat weight;\r\n};<\/pre>\nOR<\/p>\n
\n\n\n| Structure<\/td>\n | Array<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\nDifferences
\n1. It is a user-defined data type<\/td>\n | Predefined data type<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| 2. It is a collection of different types of logically related data under one name.<\/td>\n | Collection of data elements of same data type having a common name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| 3. Elements referenced using dot operator(.)<\/td>\n | Elements reference using its subscripts (position value)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| 4. When an element of a structure becomes another structure nested structure and complex structures are formed.<\/td>\n | When an element of another becomes another array, multidimensional arrays are formed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| 5. Structure contains array as its elements<\/td>\n | Array of structure can be formed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Question 9.
\nRun time allocation of memory is triggered by the operator. [March – 2017]<\/span> (1)
\nAnswer:
\nnew<\/p>\nQuestion 10.
\nRepresent the names of 12 months as an array of strings. [March – 2017]<\/span>
\nOR
\nA structure can contain another structure. Discuss. (2)
\nAnswer:
\nchar month(1 2)[]={ \u201cJan\u201d,\u201dFeb\u201d,\u201dMar\u201d, \u201cApr\u201d,Say\u201d,\u201cJun\u201d,\u201dJuly\u201d,\u201dAug\u201d, \u201cSep\u201d,Oct\u201d,\u201cNov\u201d,\u201dDec\u201d};
\nOR
\nYes It is possible. This is called nested structure.
\nEg.<\/p>\nstruct date\r\n{\r\nshort day,month,year\u2019\r\n};\r\nstruct student\r\n{\r\ninl reg_no;\r\nchar name[40];\r\ndate dob;\r\n};<\/pre>\nPlus Two Computer Science Chapter Wise Practice Questions Chapter 1 Structures and Pointers<\/h3>\nQuestion 1.
\nDefine a structure to represent the details of telephone subscribers which include name of the subscriber and telephone number. Write a menu driven program to store the details of some subscribers with options for searching the name for a given number, and the number for a given name.
\nAnswer:
\n![\"Plus](\"https:\/\/www.hsslive.guru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Plus-Two-Computer-Science-Chapter-Wise-Previous-Questions-Chapter-1-Structures-and-Pointers-5.png\")
\n![\"Plus](\"https:\/\/www.hsslive.guru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Plus-Two-Computer-Science-Chapter-Wise-Previous-Questions-Chapter-1-Structures-and-Pointers-6.png\")
\n![\"Plus](\"https:\/\/www.hsslive.guru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Plus-Two-Computer-Science-Chapter-Wise-Previous-Questions-Chapter-1-Structures-and-Pointers-7.png\")
\n![\"Plus](\"https:\/\/www.hsslive.guru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Plus-Two-Computer-Science-Chapter-Wise-Previous-Questions-Chapter-1-Structures-and-Pointers-8.png\") <\/p>\n Question 2.
\nDefine a structure to represent the details of customers in a bank. The details include account number, name, date of opening the account and balance amount. Write a menu driven program to input the details of a customer and provide options to deposit, withdraw and view the details. During deposit and withdrawal, proper update is to be made in the balance amount. A minimum balance of Rs. 1000\/- is a must in the account.
\nAnswer:
\n![\"Plus](\"https:\/\/www.hsslive.guru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Plus-Two-Computer-Science-Chapter-Wise-Previous-Questions-Chapter-1-Structures-and-Pointers-9.png\")
\n![\"Plus](\"https:\/\/www.hsslive.guru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Plus-Two-Computer-Science-Chapter-Wise-Previous-Questions-Chapter-1-Structures-and-Pointers-10.png\")
\n![\"Plus](\"https:\/\/www.hsslive.guru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Plus-Two-Computer-Science-Chapter-Wise-Previous-Questions-Chapter-1-Structures-and-Pointers-11.png\") <\/p>\n Question 3.
\nWrite a program to input the TE scores obtained by a group of students in Computer Science and display them in the descending order using pointers.
\nAnswer:
\n![\"Plus](\"https:\/\/www.hsslive.guru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Plus-Two-Computer-Science-Chapter-Wise-Previous-Questions-Chapter-1-Structures-and-Pointers-12.png\")
\n![\"Plus](\"https:\/\/www.hsslive.guru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Plus-Two-Computer-Science-Chapter-Wise-Previous-Questions-Chapter-1-Structures-and-Pointers-13.png\") <\/p>\n Question 4.
\nWrite a program to input a string and check whether it is palindrome or not using character pointer.
\nAnswer:
\n![\"Plus](\"https:\/\/www.hsslive.guru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Plus-Two-Computer-Science-Chapter-Wise-Previous-Questions-Chapter-1-Structures-and-Pointers-14.png\") <\/p>\n Question 5.
\nWrite a program to input the names of students in a class using pointers and create a roll list in which the names are listed in alphabetical order with roll number starting from 1.
\nAnswer:
\n![\"Plus](\"https:\/\/www.hsslive.guru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Plus-Two-Computer-Science-Chapter-Wise-Previous-Questions-Chapter-1-Structures-and-Pointers-15.png\")
\n![\"Plus](\"https:\/\/www.hsslive.guru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Plus-Two-Computer-Science-Chapter-Wise-Previous-Questions-Chapter-1-Structures-and-Pointers-16.png\") <\/p>\n Question 6.
\nDefine a structure student with the details register number, name and CE marks of six subjects. Using a structure pointer, input the details of a student and display register number, name and total CE score.
\nAnswer:
\n![\"Plus](\"https:\/\/www.hsslive.guru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Plus-Two-Computer-Science-Chapter-Wise-Previous-Questions-Chapter-1-Structures-and-Pointers-17.png\")
\n![\"Plus](\"https:\/\/www.hsslive.guru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Plus-Two-Computer-Science-Chapter-Wise-Previous-Questions-Chapter-1-Structures-and-Pointers-18.png\")
\n![\"Plus](\"https:\/\/www.hsslive.guru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Plus-Two-Computer-Science-Chapter-Wise-Previous-Questions-Chapter-1-Structures-and-Pointers-19.png\") <\/p>\n Plus Two Computer Science Assess Question and Answers<\/h3>\nQuestion 1.
\nCompare array arid structure in C++.
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n \n\n\n| Structure<\/td>\n | Array<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nDifferences
\n1. It is a user defined data type
\n2. It is a collection of different types of logically related data under one name.
\n3. Elements referenced using dot operator(.)
\n4.When an element of a structure becomes another structure nested structure and complex structures are formed.
\n5. Structure contains array as its elements<\/td>\n | Predefined data type
\nCollection of data elements of same data type having a common name.
\nElements reference using its subscripts (position value).
\nWhen an element of another becomes another array, multidimensional arrays are formed.
\nArray of structure can be formed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\nQuestion 2.
\nIdentify the errors in the following structure definition and write the reason for each:<\/p>\n struct\r\n{\r\nint roll, age;\r\nfloat fee= 1000:\r\n};<\/pre>\nAnswer:
\nErrors
\n1) No name for the structure.
\nThe correct structure is as follows<\/p>\n struct student\r\n{\r\nshort roll.age:;\r\nfloat fee=1000;\r\n}<\/pre>\nQuestion 3.
\nRead the following structure definition and answer the following questions:<\/p>\n Struct Book\r\n{\r\nint book_no;\r\nchar bk_name [20];\r\nstruct\r\n{\r\nshort dd;\r\nshort mm;\r\nshort yy;\r\n} dI_of_purchase;\r\nfloat price;\r\n};<\/pre>\na) Write a C++ statement to declare a variable to refer to the details of a book. What is the memory requirement of this variable? Justify your answer.
\nb) Write a C++ statement to initialize this variable with the details of your Computer Science text book.
\nc) Write C++ statement (s) to display the details of the book.
\nd) The missing of structure tag in the inner structure does not cause any error. State whether this is true or false. Give reason.
\nAnswer:
\na) Book b;
\nThe memory requirements are as follows<\/p>\n \n\n\n| variable<\/td>\n | \u00a0Memory Size<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| book_no<\/td>\n | \u00a04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| bk_name<\/td>\n | \u00a020<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| dt_of_purchase<\/td>\n | \u00a02+2+2=6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| price<\/td>\n | \u00a04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n A total of 34 Bytes allocated to the variable b.<\/p>\n b) book b={101 .”Computer Science\u201d,{22,9,2015},127};<\/p>\n ![\"Plus](\"https:\/\/www.hsslive.guru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Plus-Two-Computer-Science-Chapter-Wise-Previous-Questions-Chapter-1-Structures-and-Pointers-20.png\")
\n![\"Plus](\"https:\/\/www.hsslive.guru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Plus-Two-Computer-Science-Chapter-Wise-Previous-Questions-Chapter-1-Structures-and-Pointers-21.png\") <\/p>\n
d) This is true. There is no need to mention the structure tag because it is declared inside the structure.<\/p>\n Question 4.
\n\u201cStructure is a user-defined data type\u201d. Justify this statement with the help of an example.
\nAnswer:
\nYes it is true. A user can give define according to his needs.
\n![\"Plus](\"https:\/\/www.hsslive.guru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Plus-Two-Computer-Science-Chapter-Wise-Previous-Questions-Chapter-1-Structures-and-Pointers-22.png\") <\/p>\n Question 5.
\nRead the following statements:
\ni) While defining a structure in C++, tag Say be omitted.
\nii) The data contained in a structure variable can be copied into another variable only if both of them are declared using the same structure tag.
\niii) Elements of a structure is referenced by stmcture_name. element
\niv) A structure can contain another structure.
\nNow, Choose the correct option from the following:
\na) Statements (i) and (ii) are true
\nb) Statements (ii) and (iv) are true
\nc) Statements (i), (ii) and (iv) are true
\nd) Statements (i) and (iii) are true jtyg
\nAnswer:
\nd) Statements (i) and (iii) are true.<\/p>\n Question 6.
\nRead the following C++ statements:
\nint * p, a=5
\np=&a;
\na) What is the speciality of the variable p?
\nb) What will be the content of p afterthe execution of the second statement?
\nc) Howdo the expressions *p+1 and* (p+1) differ?
\nAnswer:
\na) p is special variable and it is called a pointer.
\nb) p contains the address of the variable a<\/p>\n ![\"Plus](\"https:\/\/www.hsslive.guru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Plus-Two-Computer-Science-Chapter-Wise-Previous-Questions-Chapter-1-Structures-and-Pointers-23.png\") <\/p>\n
Here p+1 returns (address of the variable a) +4(4 is the size of int data type in Geany C++). *(p+1) returns the content of this next address location.<\/p>\n Question 7.
\nIdentify the errors in the following C++ code segment and give the reason for each.<\/p>\n int p, *q a=5;\r\nfloat b2;\r\np=&a;\r\ncout<<p<<*p<<*a;\r\nif (p<q)coLit<<p;\r\ncout<<cp *a;<\/pre>\nAnswer:
\nFollowing are the errors
\n1) Here q is an integer pointer it can not store the address of float variable b.
\n2) Cannot print *a.
\n3) The pointers p and q are different data types so cannot use relational operator.<\/p>\n The correct code is as given below.
\n![\"Plus](\"https:\/\/www.hsslive.guru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Plus-Two-Computer-Science-Chapter-Wise-Previous-Questions-Chapter-1-Structures-and-Pointers-24.png\") <\/p>\n Question 8.
\nWhile writing a program, the concept of dynamic memory allocation is applied. But the program does not contain a statement with delete operator and it creates a problem. Explain the problem.
\nAnswer:
\nIf the memory allocated using new operator is not de allocated using delete, that memory is left unused and not released forfurtherallocation. Such memory blocks are called orphaned memory. On each execution the amount of orphaned block is increased. This situation is called memory leak.<\/p>\n Question 9.
\nRead the C++ statements given below and answer the following questions:
\nint ar[] = {34,12, 25,56, 38};
\nint *p = ar;
\na) What will be the content of p?
\nb) What is the output of the expression: *p + *(ar+2)?
\nc) The statement ar++; is invalid. Why? How does it differ from p++;?
\nAnswer:
\na) 34
\nb) *p=34 and *(ar+2)=25
\nthen *p+*(ar+2)=34+25=59.
\nc) ar++ is invalid but p++ valid, p is the pointer, pointer arithmetic is allowed.<\/p>\n Question 10.
\nExplain the working of the following code segment and predict the output:
\nchar *str = \u201cTobacco Kills\u201d;
\nfor (int i=0; str [i] !=’\\0\u2019; i++)
\nif (i>8)
\n* (str +i) = toupper (*(str+i);
\ncout\u00abstr;
\nAnswer:
\nThe output is \u201cTobacco KILLS\u201d. The toupperO function convert the characters into upper case from ninth characteronwards.<\/p>\n Question 11.
\nObserve the following C++ statements:
\nint ar [ ] = {14, 29, 32,63, 30};
\nOne of following expressions cannot be used to access the element 32. Which is that?
\na) ar [2] b)ar[*ar%3] c)*ar+2 d)*(ar+2)
\nAnswer:
\nc) *ar+2.
\n*ar returns 14 and *ar+2 gives 14+2=16.<\/p>\n Question 12.
\nExplain the operations performed by the operators new and delete with the help of examples.
\nAnswer:
\nnew operator is used to allocate memory dynamically<\/p>\n Syntax:
\npointer_variable =newdata_type;
\n![\"Plus](\"https:\/\/www.hsslive.guru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Plus-Two-Computer-Science-Chapter-Wise-Previous-Questions-Chapter-1-Structures-and-Pointers-25.png\") <\/p>\n Question 13.
\nWhat is meant by memory leak? What are the reasons for it? How can we avoid such a situation?
\nAnswer:
\nIf the memory allocated using new operator is not de allocated using delete , that memory is left unused and not released for further allocation. Such memory blocks are called orphaned memory. On each execution the amount of orphaned block is increased. This situation is called memory leak. Use delete operator to avoid this.<\/p>\n Question 14.
\nCompare the following two statements, int a=5;
\nint*a=newint(5);
\nAnswer:
\nint a=5; This means \u2018a\u2019 is an integer variable that is initialized with the integer value 5.
\nint *a=new int(5). Here \u2018a\u2019 is a pointer variable and it allocates memory dynamically and stores a value 5.<\/p>\n Question 15.
\nRead the structure definition given below and answer the following questions:<\/p>\n struct sample\r\n{\r\nint num;\r\nchar *str;\r\n} *sptr<\/pre>\na) Write C++ statements to dynamically allocate a location for sample type data and store its address in sptr.
\nb) Write C++ statements to input data into the location pointed to by sptr.
\nc) Modify this structure into a self referential structure.
\nAnswer:
\n![\"Plus](\"https:\/\/www.hsslive.guru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Plus-Two-Computer-Science-Chapter-Wise-Previous-Questions-Chapter-1-Structures-and-Pointers-26.png\") <\/p>\n | | |