{"id":40537,"date":"2024-02-17T08:46:47","date_gmt":"2024-02-17T03:16:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/?p=40537"},"modified":"2024-02-17T16:27:44","modified_gmt":"2024-02-17T10:57:44","slug":"plus-one-botany-chapter-wise-questions-answers-chapter-9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/plus-one-botany-chapter-wise-questions-answers-chapter-9\/","title":{"rendered":"Plus One Botany Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 9 Photosynthesis in Higher Plants"},"content":{"rendered":"
Question 1.
\nWhich metal ion is a constituent of chlorophyll?
\n(a) Iron
\n(b) Copper
\n(c) Magnesium
\n(d) Zinc
\nAnswer:
\n(c) Magnesium<\/p>\n
Question 2.
\nWhich pigment acts directly to convert light energy to chemical energy?
\n(a) Chlorophyll a
\n(b) Chlorophyll b
\n(c) Xanthophyll
\n(d) Carotenoid
\nAnswer:
\n(a) Chlorophyll a<\/p>\n
Question 3.
\nWhich range of wavelength (in nm) is called photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)?
\n(a) 100 – 390
\n(b) 390 – 430
\n(c) 400 – 700
\n(d) 760 – 100,00
\nAnswer:
\n(c) 400-700<\/p>\n
Question 4.
\nWhich light range is most effective in photosynthesis?
\n(a) Blue
\n(b) Green
\n(c) Red
\n(d) Violet
\nAnswer:
\n(c) Red<\/p>\n
Question 5.
\nChemosynthetic bacteria obtain energy from
\n(a) Sun
\n(b) Infra red rays
\n(c) Organic substances
\n(d) Inorganic chemicals
\nAnswer:
\n(d) Inorganic chemicals<\/p>\n
Question 6.
\nWhat is the name given to the process of splitting of water during light reaction?
\nAnswer:
\nPhotolysis<\/p>\n
Question 7.
\nWhat tissues and cells of a leaf contain the chloroplast
\nAnswer:
\nMesophyll<\/p>\n
Question 8.
\nWhat colour of visible spectrum is least effective in the process of photosynthesis?
\nAnswer:
\nGreen<\/p>\n
Question 9. Question 10. Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 1. Answer: 2. Question 2. Answer:<\/p>\n Question 3. Answer:<\/p>\n Question 4 Answer:<\/p>\n Question 5 Answer:<\/p>\n Question 6 Question 7. Answer:<\/p>\n Question 8. Answer:<\/p>\n Question 9. Question 10. Answer: Question 11. Answer: Question 12. Answer:<\/p>\n Question 13. Question 14. Answer:<\/p>\n Question 15. Answer:<\/p>\n Question 16. Question 17. Question 18. Question 19. Question 20. Answer:<\/p>\n Question 21. Question 22. Question 23. Question 24. Answer:<\/p>\n Question 25. Question 26. Question 27. Question 28. Question 29. Question 30. 2. So in the these plants when CO2<\/sub> is fixed in bundle sheath cells, the intracellular CO2<\/sub> concentration is increased that is why RuBisco enzyme carries out more carboxylation in C4<\/sub> plants.<\/p>\n Question 31. 2. PEP + CO2<\/sub> \u2192 OAA \u2192 Malic acid Question 32 Question 33 Answer:<\/p>\n Question 1. Answer:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Question 2. Answer:<\/p>\n Question 3. Answer:<\/p>\n Question 4. Answer:<\/p>\n Question 5. Answer:<\/p>\n Question 6. Answer:<\/p>\n Question 7. Answer:<\/p>\n Question 8. Answer: 2. In sugarcane CO2<\/sub> fixation tapseplace in mesophyll chloroplast. Initially CO2<\/sub> is accepted by PEP and by using Pepco it is converted into OAA. It is then transported to bundle sheath chloroplast.<\/p>\n After the transport, decarboxylation occurs and forms pyruvic acid which is transported to mesophyll chloroplast and converted into PEP. The CO2<\/sub> released during decarboxylation enters into calvin cycle for the synthesis of Glucose.<\/p>\n Question 9.
\nHow many molecules of ATP and how many molecules of NADPH are spent to fix three molecules of CO2<\/sub> in Calvin cycle?
\nAnswer:
\nATP and 6 NADPH<\/p>\n
\nName the two photosynthetic pigments belonging to carotenoides.
\nAnswer:
\nCarotene and xanthophylls<\/p>\n
\nThe most abundant enzyme in the world plays a dual role in rice, tomato etc. Identify the enzyme.
\nAnswer:
\nRUBISCO<\/p>\n
\nWhich products formed during the light reaction of photosynthesis are used to drive the dark reaction?
\nAnswer:
\nATP and NADPH2<\/sub><\/p>\n
\nBy looking at which internal structure of a plant can you fill whether a plant is C3<\/sub> or C4<\/sub>. Explain.
\nAnswer:
\nC4<\/sub> – Plants shows kranz anatomy -chloroplast dimorphism<\/p>\n
\nWhy does the rate of photosynthesis decrease at higher temperatures?
\nAnswer:
\nEnzymes present in stroma undergoes denaturation in the presence of high temperatures.<\/p>\n
\nName the only natural process by which oxygen is liberated for the use of respiration.
\nAnswer:
\nBy photolysis of water during photosynthesis<\/p>\nPlus One Botany Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Two Mark Questions and Answers<\/h3>\n
\nIf we study vertical sections of leaves of C3<\/sub> plant and C4<\/sub> plant, there are some anatomical differences.<\/p>\n\n
\n1. C4<\/sub> plants show kranz anatomy – Chloroplast dimorphism<\/p>\n
\n<\/p>\n
\n
\nThe above graph indicates absorption spectrum related to chlorophyll pigments. On the basis of. this graph answer the following.<\/p>\n\n
\n
\nC4<\/sub> cycle is called so because of the presence of a C4<\/sub> acid in this cycle.<\/p>\n\n
\n
\nThe response of plant towards periods of day\/night is termed as photo peroidism’.<\/p>\n\n
\n
\nMelvin Calvin was awarded the nobel prize in 1961 for the discovery of one of the most important biological process in nature.<\/p>\n\n
\n
\nAnalysis the given and write down the photosynthetic response of the C3<\/sub> and C4<\/sub> plant in terms of CO2<\/sub> concentration.
\n
\nAnswer:
\nHigh light intensity induces the opening of stoma. When stoma opens CO2<\/sub> uptake increases. At high CO2<\/sub> concentration, the rate of photosynthesis becomes high under high light in both C3<\/sub> and C4<\/sub> plants.<\/p>\n
\nC4<\/sub> plants have a special type of anatomy in leaves to avoid photorespiration.<\/p>\n\n
\n
\nFill up the blanks:<\/p>\n\n
\n
\n
\nBased on the above diagram answer the following questions.
\ni) Write the steps of
\na) Carboxylation
\nb) Reduction
\nc) regeneration
\nii) Name the major enzyme involved in C3<\/sub> pathway.
\nAnswer:
\n<\/p>\n
\nGive the diagram of a chloroplast and label the following parts.<\/p>\n\n
\n<\/p>\n
\nCertain distinguishing characters of C3<\/sub> and C4<\/sub> plants are given below. Arrange them in the correct table provided.<\/p>\n\n
\n<\/p>\n
\nGiven below is the schematic diagram of calvin cycle, which completes in three stages.
\n<\/p>\n\n
\n
\n
\n
\nADP is converted into ATP as a result of phosphorylation which takes place in photosynthesis and respiration during electron transport system. What is the difference between these two.
\nAnswer:
\nPhotophosphorylation in the case of photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation in respiration.<\/p>\n
\nRubisco is an enzyme that catalyse two different processes in plants.<\/p>\n\n
\n
\nSome plants are called C3<\/sub> and some others are called C4<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n
\n
\nDo reactions of photosynthesis called, as \u2018Dark Reaction\u2019 need light? Explain.
\nAnswer:
\nphotosynthesis is a two-step process which involves light and dark reaction. CO2<\/sub> fixation takes place in dark reaction.<\/p>\n
\nWhere is NADP reductase enzyme located in the chloroplast? What is the role of this enzyme in proton gradient development?
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n\n
\nWhat conditions enable RUBISCO to function as an oxygenase? Explain.
\nAnswer:
\nUnder high O2<\/sub> concentration and low CO2<\/sub> concentration, RUBISCO to function as an oxygenase and doing photorespiration.<\/p>\n
\nChlorophyll \u2018a\u2019 is the primary pigment for light reaction. What are accessory pigments? What is their role in photosynthesis?
\nAnswer:
\nClorophyll b,c ,d and carotenoides. These pigments harvest light energy and hand over to chlorophylla.<\/p>\n
\n2H2<\/sub>O\u00a0\u2192 2H+ + O2<\/sub> + 4e –
\nBased on above equation, answer the following questions:<\/p>\n\n
\n
\nWhat is the basis for designating C3<\/sub> and C4<\/sub> pathways of photosynthesis?
\nAnswer:
\nThe first stable product formed in some plants are 3 carbon compound but in others 4 carbon compound, therefore such plants designated as C3<\/sub> and C4<\/sub> respectively.<\/p>\n
\nChlorophyll b and carotenoids are known as accessory pigments. Give reason?
\nAnswer:
\nChlorophyll b and carotenoids harvest light energy and hand over to chlorophyll a (reaction centre)<\/p>\n
\nC4<\/sub> plants show high rate of photosynthesis than C3<\/sub> plants. Are you agree with the statement? Give reason?
\nAnswer:
\nYes. In C4<\/sub> plants photorespiration does not occur. It is a wastage process that occur in C3<\/sub> plants only, because RUBISCO present in C3<\/sub> plants can act as carboxylase and oxygenase.<\/p>\n
\nHow many ATP molecules are required for the synthesis of one molecule of glucose in<\/p>\n\n
\n
\nCyanobacteria and some other photosynthetic bacteria don\u2019t have chloroplasts. How do they conduct photosynthesis?
\nAnswer:
\nCyanobacteria and other photosynthetic bacteria have thylakoids suspended freely in the cytoplasm (i.e., they are not enclosed in membrane), and they have bacteriochlorophyll.<\/p>\n
\nWhat would happen to the rate of photosynthesis in C3<\/sub> plants if CO2<\/sub> concentration level almost doubles from the present level in the atmosphere?
\nAnswer:
\nThe rate of photosynthesis in C3<\/sub> plants increases with increase in CO2<\/sub> concentration<\/p>\n
\nDoes photorespiration pose threat to plants yet it occurs in angiosperms why?
\nAnswer:
\nAny angiospermic plants bear only one type of chloroplast and CO2<\/sub> acceptor is RUBP in these cases. Thus there is no other possibility except to undergo C3<\/sub> pathway which may ultimately lead to photorespiration.<\/p>\n
\nSecondary CO2<\/sub> fixation is inevitable for C4<\/sub> plants. Do you agree? Give justification of your answer.
\nAnswer:
\nYes. This type of CO2<\/sub> fixation takes place in bundle sheath chloroplast and carbohydrate is formed.<\/p>\n
\nCarboxylation of C3<\/sub> plants are interrupted in changed environmental conditions. Why?
\nAnswer:
\nNormally carboxylation takes place in C3<\/sub> plants but in high O2<\/sub> and low CO2<\/sub> concentration, the energy wasteful process (photorespiration ) occur.<\/p>\n
\nRuBisco is an enzyme that acts both as a carboxylase and oxygenase. Why do you think RuBisco carries out more carboxylationin in C4<\/sub> plants.
\nAnswer:
\n1. The C4<\/sub> plants have dimorophic chloroplasts. In mesophyll cells chloroplast are granal but in bundle sheath cells the chloroplasts are agranal.<\/p>\n
\nSucculents are known to keep their stomata closed during the day to check transpiration. How do they meet their photosynthetic CO2<\/sub> requirements?
\nAnswer:
\n1. Succulent (water-storing) plants such as cacti, euphorbias fix CO2<\/sub> into organic compound using. PEP carboxylase at night, when the stomata are open.<\/p>\n
\nThe organic compound (malic acid) accumulates throughout the night and is decarboxylated during the day to produce CO2<\/sub>.<\/p>\n
\nIn C4<\/sub> plants RUBISCO is present but photorespiration does not occur. Why?
\nAnswer:
\nBecause intracellular CO2<\/sub> concentration is high. Hence RUBISCO do not show oxygenase activity.<\/p>\n
\nThe statements are given below. Identify true and false<\/p>\n\n
\n
Plus One Botany Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Three Mark Questions and Answers<\/h3>\n
\nA plant physiologist while studying the light reaction step of photosynthesis using Chlorella, could detect the following facts.<\/p>\n\n
\n
\nThe enzyme catalysing C4<\/sub> and C3<\/sub> pathway is different but they are coming under dark reaction.<\/p>\n\n
\n
\nCO2<\/sub> fixation is associated with wasteful process and efficiency is decreased<\/p>\n\n
\n
\nAnswer the following questions based on carbon fixation by plants.<\/p>\n\n
\n
\nThe type of CO2<\/sub> fixation in tropical plants is different from temperate plants<\/p>\n\n
\n
\nCyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation is associated with the light reaction of photosynthesis.<\/p>\n\n
\n
\n
\nDo you think that synthesis of glucose occur during light reaction?<\/p>\n\n
\n
\n
\nSugar cane has a special leaf anatomy which make the plant photosynthetically more efficient.<\/p>\n\n
\n1. Kranz anatomy<\/p>\n
\nC4<\/sub> plants have special leaf anatomy in which C3<\/sub> cycle also take place.<\/p>\n\n