\nTotal<\/strong><\/td>\n80<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Question 2. \nOne of the following statements is incorrect. Find and correct it.<\/p>\n \n- The number of cervical vertebrae is seven in all mammals except human beings.<\/li>\n
- Thoracic vertebrae, ribs and sternum together make ribcage.<\/li>\n
- Accumulation of uric acid in joints leads to gout.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Answer: \nStatement 1 is incorrect. The number of cervical vertebrae is seven in all mammals including human beings.<\/p>\n Question 3. \n<\/p>\n \n- Name the process shown here, which theory explain this process?<\/li>\n
- Draw and complete the process.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Answer: \n1. Muscle contraction, Sliding – filament theory<\/p>\n 2. \n<\/p>\n Question 4. \nRed muscle fibers have greater capacity to do work for a prolonged period where as white muscles suffer from fatigue after a short time. Give reason. \nAnswer: \nRed muscle fibers are red in colour due to the presence of large amount of myoglobin. Myoglobin is an oxygen storing pigment. These muscle also contain plenty of mitochondria which can utilise the large amount of oxygen stored in them for ATP production.<\/p>\n So red muscle fibers have greater capacity to do work for a prolonged period. White muscle fibers possess very less quantity of myoglobin and mitochondria.<\/p>\n Question 5. \nShoulder joints are not very stable. But they are freely movable. Give reason? \nAnswer: \nShoulder joints are freely movable joint or synovial joint. In this type of joint there is presence of a fluid filled synovial cavity between the articulating surfaces of the two bones. Such an arrangement allows considerable movement.<\/p>\n Question 6. \nName the types of joint between the following.<\/p>\n \n- Atlas\/axis<\/li>\n
- Between Cranial bones<\/li>\n
- Carpal\/Meta carpel of thumb<\/li>\n
- Between Humerus and pectoral girdle<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Answer:<\/p>\n \n- Pivot joint<\/li>\n
- Fibrous joint<\/li>\n
- Saddle joint<\/li>\n
- Ball and socket joint<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 7. \nAnalyse the table & fill in the blanks with appropriate words.<\/p>\n \n\n\nRadium<\/td>\n | Forearm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n(a)<\/td>\n | Femur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nAtlas<\/td>\n | (b)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nFrontal bone<\/td>\n | (c)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nHumerus<\/td>\n | Upper arm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Answer:<\/p>\n \n\n\nRadium<\/td>\n | Fore arm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nThigh bone<\/td>\n | Femur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nAtlas<\/td>\n | First vertebrae<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nFrontal bone<\/td>\n | Cranium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nHumerus<\/td>\n | Upper arm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Question 8. \nThe last two pairs of ribs are called floating ribs.<\/p>\n \n- What do you meant by the term floating ribs?<\/li>\n
- What are true ribs?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Answer:<\/p>\n \n- Last 2 pairs of ribs are not connected ventrally to the sternum. These ribs are called floating ribs.<\/li>\n
- First seven pairs of ribs are called true ribs. Dorsally, they are attached to the thoracic vertebrae and ventrally connected to the sternum with the help of hyaline cartilage.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 9. \nSome joints in the body are characterized by pressure of a fluid filled cavity between articulating surfaces of two bones. Mention the peculiarity of these types of joint and give examples? \nAnswer: \nThis type of joint in called synovial joint or freely movable joint and allows considerable movement. \neg:<\/p>\n \n- Ball and socket joint (between humerus and pectoral girdle)<\/li>\n
- Hinge joint (knee joint)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 10. \nA muscle cell viewed under a microscope shown the following characters.<\/p>\n \n- Sarcolemma – Present<\/li>\n
- Shape – Cylindrical<\/li>\n
- Nucleus – Multinuclear<\/li>\n
- Striation – Present<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\n- Identify the muscle cell.<\/li>\n
- Calcium ions are necessary for muscle contraction.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Answer:<\/p>\n If a muscle is placed in a solution containing calcium ions. Does the muscle contracts? Substantiate. \nAnswer:<\/p>\n \n- Skeletal muscle<\/li>\n
- No. For muscle contraction to occur, presence of Ca++<\/sup> ions intracellularly is needed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 11. \nPictorial representation of tissue is given in a lab diary with only one labelling – intercalated discusing your knowledge about tissue.<\/p>\n \n- Identify the tissue.<\/li>\n
- Draw the structure of tissue and label the parts.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Answer: \n1. Cardiac muscle<\/p>\n 2. \n<\/p>\n Question 12. \nYou can move your hands at your will. But you can\u2019t move your heart at your will. Comment. \nAnswer: \nMuscles of the hand are skeletal muscles and they are voluntary muscle. Muscles of the heart are cardiac muscles and they are involuntary muscles.<\/p>\n Question 13. \n<\/p>\n \n- Identify the muscle cell<\/li>\n
- Mention its function.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Answer:<\/p>\n \n- Non-striated muscle (smooth muscle)<\/li>\n
- Smooth muscles are involuntary muscles located in the inner visceral organs like alimentary canal, reproductive tract etc. So they help the transportation of food through digestive tract and gamete through the genital tract.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 14. \nAn investigation was arrived out to find the effect of the temperature on muscle contraction. The results are shown in the graph. \n<\/p>\n \n- Describe and suggest an explanation for one effect of temperature on muscle contraction.<\/li>\n
- Name the filaments involved in muscle contraction.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Answer:<\/p>\n \n- When temperature increases muscle contraction increases, but when temperature decreases the extend of muscle contraction decreases, but the time remain in the contracted state increases,<\/li>\n
- Actin and myosin<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 15. \nThe red colour of the blood is due to the presence of hemoglobin in it. Certain skeletal muscles are red in colour even though they lack hemoglobin. Now explain how the red muscles have that particular colour. \nAnswer: \nMuscle contains a red coloured oxygen storing pigment called myoglobin. Myoglobin content is high in some skeletal muscles which gives a reddish appearance.<\/p>\n Question 16. \nActin, Troponin, Biceps, Muscles of blood vessels, Muscles of heart, Myosin, Muscles of reproductive tract, Tropomyosin, Muscles of Alimentary canal, Triceps. \nRearrange the terms in four columns on the basis of their similarity and give appropriate headings for each columns. \nAnswer: \n<\/p>\n Question 17. \nIdentify the myofibril and label the parts given below. \n \nAnswer: \n<\/p>\n Question 18. \nLength of A band remains unchanged during muscular contraction. Is this statement true or false? Justify. \nAnswer: \nTrue. A band or anisotropic band is the region where both thick filaments and thin filaments are present. During muscular contraction, the length of thick filament or thin filament does not change.<\/p>\n Question 19. \nMatch column I with column II.<\/p>\n \n\n\nColumn I<\/td>\n | Column II<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n1. Red muscle<\/td>\n | 1. Pelvic girdle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n2. Suture<\/td>\n | 2. Globular protein<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n3. Ischium<\/td>\n | 3. Immovablejoint<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n4. Troponin<\/td>\n | 4. Mybglobin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n<\/td>\n | 5. Sternum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Answer:<\/p>\n \n\n\nColumn I<\/td>\n | Column II<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n1. Red muscle<\/td>\n | 4. Mybglobin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n2. Suture<\/td>\n | 3. Immovable joint<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n3. Ischium<\/td>\n | 1. Pelvic girdle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n4. Troponin<\/td>\n | 2. Globular protein<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Question 20. \nComplete the division of human skeletal system by filling the blanks. \n \nAnswer: \n(a) Axial \n(b) Vertebral column \n(c) 12 \n(d) One<\/p>\n Question 21. \nArrange the following bones into two columns and give proper heading to each columns. \nScapula, Carpals, Femur, Fibula, Tibia, Tarsals, Acetabulum, Metatarsals, Radius, Humerus, Glenoid cavity, Clavicle, Metal Carpals, Phalanges, Patella, Ilium, Ischium, Pubis. \nAnswer:<\/p>\n \n\n\nPectoral girdle and \nbones of forelimb<\/td>\n | Pelvic girdle and Bones \nof Hind Limb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nClavicle<\/td>\n | Ilium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nScapula<\/td>\n | Ischium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nHumerus<\/td>\n | Pelvis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nRadius<\/td>\n | Femur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nUlna<\/td>\n | Patella<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n\u00a0Carpals<\/td>\n | Tibia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nMetacarpals<\/td>\n | Fibula<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nPhalanges<\/td>\n | Metatarsal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n<\/td>\n | phalanges<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Question 22. \nYour lungs and Heart are well protected in a cage. Which bone contributes to it? \nAnswer: \nIn an infant, there are 33 vertebrae in the vertebral column. Five of these bones fuse to form the sacrum and four of other join to become the coccyx. As a result, an adult vertebral column has 26 vertebrae.<\/p>\n Question 23. \nThere are joints at your shoulders and elbows. But their movement is different. Give reason. \nAnswer:<\/p>\n \n- Shoulder joint – Ball and socket joint<\/li>\n
- Elbow joint – Hinge joint<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Question 24. \nWhat are the different types of movement shown by human cells? \nAnswer: \nAmoeboid, ciliary and muscular, and flagellar movement.<\/p>\n Question 25. \nFill the gaps. \n \nAnswer: \n<\/p>\n Question 26. \nDraw a flow chart showing the flow of stimulus that results in muscle contraction. (Start from Neuromuscular junction) \nAnswer: \n<\/p>\n Question 27. \nMatch the following.<\/p>\n \n\n\nA<\/td>\n | B<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \na. Fixed joint<\/td>\n | Shoulder joint<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nb. Ball and socket joints<\/td>\n | Wrist and ankle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nc. Hinge joints<\/td>\n | Phalanges of hind limbs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nd. Pivot joints<\/td>\n | Bones of skull<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \ne. Gliding joints<\/td>\n | Elbow and joints of phalanges<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nf. Ellipsoid joints<\/td>\n | Skull and vertebral column.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Answer:<\/p>\n \n\n\nA<\/td>\n | B<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \na. Fixed joint<\/td>\n | Bones of skull<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nb. Ball and socket joints<\/td>\n | Shoulder joint<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nc. Hinge joint<\/td>\n | Elbow and joints of Phalanges<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nd. Pivot joint<\/td>\n | Skull and vertebral column<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \ne. Gliding joint<\/td>\n | Wrist and ankle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nf. Ellipsoid joint<\/td>\n | Phalanges of hind limbs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Question 28. \nWrite the odd one out and give the reason for your answer.<\/p>\n \n- Fibrous joints, Ball and socket joints, hinge joints, pivot joints<\/li>\n
- Humerus, Femur, Radius, Ulna.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Answer:<\/p>\n \n- Fibrous joints: They are immovable joints of the bones of the skull whereas all others are freely movable joints.<\/li>\n
- Femur: It is the thigh bone whereas all other are the bones of the forelimb<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 29. \nBones of the older people turn brittle and break quickly.<\/p>\n \n- Name the bone disorder stated above.<\/li>\n
- List any two reasons for the above disorder.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Answer:<\/p>\n \n- Osteoporosis<\/li>\n
- reasons for the above disorder\n
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