\nArrange the following in a hierarchical manner based on the period of their evolution. (MARCH-2010)<\/span>
\nHomoerectus, Ramapithicus, Australopithicines, Homosapiens, Neanderthal man.
\nAnswer:
\nRamapithicus -> Australopithicines -> Homoerectus -> Neanderthalman -> Homosapiens<\/p>\n
Question 2. (Lamarkism, Evolution of anthropogenic action, Geneflow by chance, varieties of marsupials in Australia, De Vries) Question 3. Question 4. Question 5. Question 6. Question 7. Question 8. Question 9. Question 10. Question 11. Question 12. Question 13. Answer:<\/p>\n Question 14. Question 15. Question 16. Question 17. Question 18. Question 19. Question 20.
\nFill the columns A and B using the items given below:\u00a0(MARCH-2010)<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n
\n Column A<\/strong><\/td>\n Column B<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Developmenf of DDT resistant ants<\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n <\/td>\n Adaptive radiation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n <\/td>\n Genetic drift<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Inheritance of acquired characters<\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n\n\n
\n Column A<\/strong><\/td>\n Column B<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Development of DDT resistant ants<\/td>\n Evolution of anthropogenic action<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Varieties of Marsupials in Australia<\/td>\n Adaptive radiation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Gene flow by chance<\/td>\n Genetic drift<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Inheritance of acquired characters<\/td>\n Lamarkism<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\nThe diagrams shown below represents the operation of natural selection on different traits. Observe the diagrams and answer the following :\u00a0(MAY-2010)<\/span>
\n![\"Plus](\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Plus-Two-Zoology-Chapter-Wise-Previous-Questions-Chapter-5-Evolution-1.png\")
\na) Why graph C shows a marked difference from graph A.
\nb) What is the evolutionary significance of Direc-tional Selection ?
\nc) Mention the factors affecting gene frequency.
\nd) What is meant by founder effect?
\nAnswer:
\na) A is stabilizing selection and C is disruptive selection.
\nb) Peak shifted to one direction.
\nc) Gene migration
\nGenetic drift
\nMutation
\nGenetic recombination
\nNatural selection
\nd) The effect where original drifted population becomes founders is called founder effect.<\/p>\n
\na) Arrange the given chemical compound in the sequential order as per the concept of origin of life. (Ammonia, Hydrogen, Protein, Nucleic acid, Amino acid)\u00a0(MARCH-2011)<\/span>
\nb) Correlate Miller\u2019s experiment with this.
\nAnswer:
\na) Hydrogen -> Ammonia -> Amino acid -> Protein Nucleic acid
\nOR
\nb) Brief account of Miller\u2019s Experiment \/ Labelled diagram of the experimental setup.<\/p>\n
\nNote the relationship between the first pair and complete the second pair.\u00a0(MARCH-2012)<\/span>
\na) Natural selection :<\/strong> Drawing ; Inheritance of acquired characters : ________.
\nb) Heart of vertebrates:<\/strong> homologous organs; Flippers of Penguin and Dolphin : _______.
\nAnswer:
\na) Lamarck
\nb) Analogous organs<\/p>\n
\nAn evolutionary process occurred in the evolution of marsupial mammals in Australia is given below.\u00a0(MARCH-2012)<\/span>
\n![\"Plus](\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Plus-Two-Zoology-Chapter-Wise-Previous-Questions-Chapter-5-Evolution-2.png\")
\na) Name this evolutionary process.
\nb) Suggest another example for this phenomenon.
\nAnswer:
\na) Adaptive radiation
\nb) Darwins finches<\/p>\n
\nArrange the following examples under two heads viz- homologous organs and analogous organs. (MARCH-2013)<\/span>
\nForelimb of whale and bat,
\nWings of butterfly and bat,
\nHeart of man and cheetah,
\nEyes of Octopus and mammals
\nAnswer:
\nHomologous organs
\nForelimb of whale and bat Heart of man and cheetah
\nAnalogous organs
\nWings of butterfly and bat Eyes of octopus and mammals<\/p>\n
\nTheory of chemical evolution is a version of theory of abiogenesis. Analyze the statement.\u00a0(MARCH-2013)<\/span>
\nAnswer:
\nOparin and Haldane proposed that the first form of life that arose from preexisting non-living organic molecules (e.g. RNA, protein, etc.) and it is followed by chemical evolution<\/p>\n
\nA specific rat population was controlled for about a decade by a poison. After apopulation decline for about 10 years, the rat population was increased stabilized.\u00a0(MAY-2013)<\/span>
\n![\"Plus](\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Plus-Two-Zoology-Chapter-Wise-Previous-Questions-Chapter-5-Evolution-3.png\")
\nResistance to poison is governed by a dominant autosomal gene \u2018R\u2019. In 1975 majority of the resistant animals are heterozygous at this locus (Rr).
\na) What was the major genotype of the rat population before 1961 ?
\n(A) RR, (B) Rr, (C) rr, (D) R is absent as it is produced by a mutation.
\nb) What explanation you give for the development of resistance against poison in these rats?
\nc) This illustration can be utilized to explain a theory of Evolution\u201d Substantiate.
\nAnswer:
\na) R is absent as it is produced by mutation
\nb) Mutation leads to genetic variation and which in turn lead to evolution
\nc) Evolution by anthropogenic action<\/p>\n
\nGiven below is the diagrammatic representation of the operation of Natural Selection on different traits.\u00a0(MARCH-2014)<\/span>
\n![\"Plus](\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Plus-Two-Zoology-Chapter-Wise-Previous-Questions-Chapter-5-Evolution-4.png\")
\na) Identify the type of natural selection A, B and C with explanation of each.
\nb) Define Hardy – Weinberg Principle.
\nAnswer:
\na) A- Stabilising selection-More individuals acquire mean character value
\nB – Directional selection – More individuals ac-quire value other than mean character
\nC – Disruptive selection – More individuals acquire peripheral character value at both ends.
\nb) According to Hardy-Weinberg principle allele frequencies in a population are stable and is con-stant from generation to generation. This is called genetic equilibrium. Sum total of all the allelic frequencies is 1.
\nHence,p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 Disturbance in Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium, i.e., change of frequency of alleles in a population affected by five factors These are gene migration or gene flow, genetic drift, mutation, genetic recombination and natural selection.<\/p>\n
\nArrange the following in a hierarchical manner in ascending order based on the period of their evolution.\u00a0 (MAY-2014)<\/span>Homoerectus, Ramapithecus, Australopithecus, Homo sapiens.
\nAnswer:
\nRamapithecus \u2014> Australopithecus\u2014>Homoerectus \u2014> Homo sapiens<\/p>\n
\na) The diagram given below shows a particular type of evolutionary process in Australian marsupials. Identify the’ evolutionary phenomenon and comment on.\u00a0(MAY-2014)<\/span>
\n![\"Plus](\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Plus-Two-Zoology-Chapter-Wise-Previous-Questions-Chapter-5-Evolution-5.png\")
\nb) Give another example for such a type of evolutionary process and explain.
\nAnswer:
\na) convergent evolution
\nNumber of marsupials are different from the other evolved from an ancestral stock, but all within the Australian island continent. When more than one adaptive radiation appeared to have occurred in an isolated geographical area(representing different habitats), it is called as convergent evolution.
\nb) Placental mammals in Australia also exhibit adaptive radiation in evolving into varieties of such placental mammals each of which appears to be \u2018similar\u2019 to a corresponding marsupial (e.g., Placental wolf and Tasmanian wolf marsupial).<\/p>\n
\nMatch the following:\u00a0(MARCH-2015)<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n
\n a) Natural selection<\/td>\n 1) Convergent evolution<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n b) Inheritance of acquired<\/td>\n 2) Genetic drift characters<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n c) Analogous structures<\/td>\n 3) Charles Darwin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n d) Gene flow by chance<\/td>\n 4) Lamarkism<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \n\n
\n a) Natural selection<\/td>\n 3) Charles Darwin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n b) Inheritance of acquired<\/td>\n 4) Lamarkism<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n c) Analogous structures<\/td>\n 1) Convergent evolution<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n d) Gene flow by chance<\/td>\n 2) Genetic drift characters<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n![\"Plus](\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Plus-Two-Zoology-Chapter-Wise-Previous-Questions-Chapter-5-Evolution-6.png\")
\nThe above shown pictures are beaks of a particular type of bird seen in an island during Darwin\u2019s journey.\u00a0\u00a0(MARCH-2015)<\/span>
\na) Identify the bird and name the island.
\nb) Write the significance of this process in evolution.
\nAnswer:
\na) Darwin\u2019s Finches, Galapagos Islands
\nb) From the original seed-eating features, many other forms with altered beaks arose, enabling them to become insectivorous and vegetarian finches.<\/p>\n
\nFour groups of organs are given below:\u00a0\u00a0(MAY-2015)<\/span>
\nRead them carefully and answer the questions:
\nA. Thorns of bougainvilla and Tendrils of cucurbita
\nB. Eyes of octopus and mammals
\nC. Flippers of penguin and dolphin
\nD. Forelimbs of cheetah and man
\n(a) Categorise the four groups of organs as homologous organs and analogous organs.
\n(b) Based on each group of organs differentiate convergent evolution and divergent evolution.
\n(c) Illustrate homologous and analogous organs as evidences for evolution.
\nOR<\/strong>
\nObserve the diagrammatic representation and answer the questions:
\n![\"Plus](\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Plus-Two-Zoology-Chapter-Wise-Previous-Questions-Chapter-5-Evolution-7.png\")
\na) Explain the phenomenon shown in the figure.
\nb) How can it be considered as an evidence of evolution?
\nc) Write any other example for this phenomenon. Explain.
\nAnswer:
\na) Homologous organs
\nThorns of bougainvilla and tendrils of cucurbits , fore limbs of cheetah and man Analogous organs: Eye of octopus and mammals, flippers of penguin and dolphin
\nb) Convergent evolution –<\/strong> different structures evolving for the same function
\nDivergent evolution –<\/strong> same structure developed for different function
\nc) In convergent evolution, the similar habitat that has resulted in selection of similar adaptive fea-tures in different groups of organisms but toward the same function:
\nIn divergent evolution ,same structure developed along different directions due to adaptations to different needs
\nOR<\/strong>
\na) Adaptive radiation
\nb) A number of marsupials, each different from the other evolved from an ancestral stock, but all within the Australian island continent. When more than one adaptive radiation appeared to have occurred in an isolated geographical area (representing different habitats), it represents convergent evolution.
\nc) Darwin\u2019s finches represent one of the best examples of this phenomenon. From the original seed-eating features, many other forms with altered beaks arose, it helps them to become insectivorous and vegetarian finches.<\/p>\n
\nWhich theory talks about the huge explosion that leads to origin of universe?\u00a0\u00a0(MARCH-2016)<\/span>
\nAnswer:
\nBig Bang theory<\/p>\n
\nRead the principle and answer the questions: \u201cAllele frequencies in a population are stable and constant from generation to generation called genetic equilibrium.\u2019\u00a0(MARCH-2016)<\/span>
\na) Name the principle mentioned here.
\nb) Mention any two factors affecting the equilibrium.
\nc) What is the significance of disturbances occur in the genetic equilibrium?
\nOR<\/strong>
\n\u2019Natural selection can lead to stabilisation, directional change and disruptive changes.\u2019
\nExplain the terms stabilization, directional change and disruptive change mentioned above.
\nAnswer:
\na) Hardy-Weinberg principle
\nb) gene flow and genetic drift
\nc) they become a different species
\nOR<\/strong>
\nNatural selection can lead to 1 stabilisation (in which more individuals acquire mean character value)
\n2. directional change (more individuals acquire value other than the mean character value)
\n3. disruption (more individuals acquire peripheral character value at both ends of the distribution curve)<\/p>\n
\nObserve the diagram and answer the questions below:\u00a0(MAY-2016)<\/span>
\n![\"Plus](\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Plus-Two-Zoology-Chapter-Wise-Previous-Questions-Chapter-5-Evolution-8.png\")
\na) Identify the types of evolution in the concept diagrams A and B.
\nb) Write example pair each for homologous and analogous organs.
\nAnswer:
\nA – Divergent evolution
\nB – Convergent evolution
\nHomologous organs-<\/strong> Cheetah and human – bones of forelimbs, thorn of Bougainvillea and tendrils of cucurbits.
\nAnalogous organs –<\/strong> eye of the octopus and of mammals and flippers of Penguins and Dolphins.<\/p>\n
\nStatement below show the features of some human fossils. Read carefully and identify the fossil.\u00a0(MAY-2016)<\/span>
\na) Human like beings with brains capacities between 650 – 800 cc
\nb) Lived in East and Central Asia with brain capacity of 1400 cc.
\nAnswer:
\na) Homohabilus
\nb) Neaderthal man<\/p>\n
\nA population of 208 people of MN blood group was sampled and it was found that 119 were MM group, 76 MN group and 13 NN group. Answer the following questions:\u00a0(MARCH-2017)<\/span>
\na) Determine the gene frequencies of M and N alleles in the population.
\nb) How does the above frequencies affect evolution?
\nOR<\/strong>
\nExamine the pictures of Darwin\u2019s Finches given below and answer the following questions:
\na) What phenomenon in evolution is represented in the picture?
\nb) Explain the phenomenon with the help of an additional example.
\n![\"Plus](\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Plus-Two-Zoology-Chapter-Wise-Previous-Questions-Chapter-5-Evolution-9.png\")
\nAnswer:
\na) Adaptive radiation –<\/strong>In this evolution starting from a point and radiating to other areas of geography
\nb) A number of different marsupials evolved from an ancestral stock within the Australian island.
\n![\"Plus](\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Plus-Two-Zoology-Chapter-Wise-Previous-Questions-Chapter-5-Evolution-10.png\")
<\/p>\n
![\"Plus](\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Plus-Two-Zoology-Chapter-Wise-Previous-Questions-Chapter-5-Evolution-11.png\")