II. Answer any 9 of the questions. Each question carries 2 scores. (9 \u00d7 2 = 18)<\/span><\/p>\nQuestion 4.
\nFrom an infertility clinic a doctor advised a childless couple to undergo GIFT.
\n1. Expand GIFT
\n2. Mention the steps involved in this procedure
\nAnswer:
\n1. Gamete intrafallopian transfer
\n2. At first egg collected from donor, then it is transferred into fallopian tube of another female who cannot produce but they can provide suitable environment for the fertilization and further development.<\/p>\n
Question 5.
\nVasectomy and tubectomy are said to be effective and irreversible contraceptive methods.
\nDifferentiate between these two methods.
\nAnswer:
\nVasectomy:
\nIt is the sterilization procedure in male hear a small part of Vas deferens is removed or tied up through a small incision on the scrotum<\/p>\n
Tubectomy:
\nIt is the sterilization procedure in female here a small part of fallopian tube is removed or tied up through a small incision in the abdomen or through vagina.<\/p>\n
Question 6.
\nConstruct a monohybrid cross between homozygous violet and white coloured flowers of a pea plant.
\nHow can one determine whether the F1 progenies are homozygous or heterozygous?
\nAnswer:
\n
\nb) Test cross<\/p>\n
Question 7.
\nFrom a clinical laboratory Ramu\u2019s blood group was identified as \u2018AB\u2019 group. But his father has \u2018A\u2019 blood group and mother has \u2018B\u2019 blood group.
\na) Is Ramu\u2019s blood group identification correct?
\nb) Substantiate your answer using co-dominance principle
\nAnswer:
\na) Yes
\nb) Genotype of Ramu\u2019s Father and mother are either IA<\/sup>IA<\/sup> or IA<\/sup>i and IB<\/sup>IB<\/sup> or IB<\/sup>i respectively.<\/p>\nGenotype of AB blood group is IA<\/sup>IB<\/sup>. AB blood group is heterozygous but here both alleles ex-press their own type of sugar, it an example for codominance, It is an deviation from Mendelian principle.<\/p>\nQuestion 8.
\nIdentify the syndromes \u2018A\u2019 and \u2018B\u2019.
\n
\nAnswer:
\nA) Down\u2019s syndrome
\nB) Turner\u2019s syndrome<\/p>\n
Question 9.
\nComplete the flow chart of Southern blot hybridization.
\n
\nc) Mention two uses of DNA fingerprinting.
\nAnswer:
\nA) Digestion of DNA by restriction endonucleases
\nB) Transferring of separated DNA fragments to synthetic membrane such as nitrocellulose or nylon.
\nC) 1. To identify the criminal.
\n2. To solve paternity dispute.<\/p>\n
Question 10.
\nRead the following statements and answer the following questions.
\n1. A genetic material should be able to generate its replica
\n2. A genetic material should not provide scope for mutation
\n3. A genetic material should be able to express itself in the form of mendelian characters.
\na) Choose the correct statements from the above.
\nb) Rewrite the wrong statement to correct one.
\nAnswer:
\na) 1. A genetic material should be able to generate its replica
\n2. A genetic material should not provide scope formulation.<\/p>\n
b) A genetic material should provide the scope for slow changes (mutation) that are required for evolution.<\/p>\n
Question 11.
\nObserve the given diagram and answer the following questions.
\n
\n1. Identify the above process
\n2. Name the enzyme required to polymerise the DNA strand
\n3. Name the enzyme required to join the discontinuous strands.
\n4. In eukaryotes replication of DNA occurs at ……….. phase of cell cycle.
\nAnswer:
\n1. DNA replication
\n2. DNA dependent DNA polymerase
\n3. DNA Ligase
\nS – Phase<\/p>\n
Question 12.
\nDiagrammatic representation of Miller experiment is given below. Answer the following questions.
\n1. Name ‘A\u2019and B\u2019
\n2. From those given below choose the new molecules obtained by other scientists from similar experiments
\n(Amino acid, Protein, Sugar, fat, Alkaloid, pigments, flavanoid)
\n
\nAnswer:
\n1) A – CH4<\/sub>
\nB – NH3<\/sub>
\n2) Sugar, Fat, Pigments<\/p>\nQuestion 13.
\nA collection of moths made in England during 1850, supported evolution by natural selection. Write a note on the process of natural selection on months influenced by industrialization.
\nAnswer:
\nBefore industrialization white coloured lichen covered the trees in that background white winged moth survived but dark coloured moth where picked out by predators.<\/p>\n
After industrial revolution tree trunk became dark due to industrial smoke and suit, under this condition white winged moth did not survived due to predators dark winged or melanised Moth survived this showed that in a mixed population those that can better adapted survive and increase in population.<\/p>\n
Question 14.
\n1. Name the yeast used for the commercial production of ethanol.
\n2. Name the yeast used for the production of statins.
\nAnswer:
\n1) Brewer\u2019s Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
\n2) Monascus purpureus<\/p>\n
Answer any 3 of the following. Each carries 3 scores. (3 \u00d7 3 = 9)<\/span><\/p>\nQuestion 15.
\nArrange the following names in ascending order of evolution.
\nHomosapiens, Ramapithecus, Australopithecines, Homo habilis, Neanderthal, Homo erectus
\nAnswer:
\nRamapithecus – Australopithecines – Homo Habilis – Homo erectus – Neanderthal man – Homo sapiens<\/p>\n
Question 16.
\nPrepare a hand out to educate students about the symptoms of the dreaded disease cancer, its detection and treatment.
\nAnswer:
\nSymptoms of cancer:
\nIt is uncontrolled and unwanted multiplication of some kind of cell<\/p>\n
Detection:
\nBiopsy and histopathological studies and MRI scan<\/p>\n
Treatment:
\nRadiation therapy immunotherapy<\/p>\n
Question 17.
\n\u201cThe accelerated rates of species extinction that the world is facing today is largely due to human activities\u201d.
\nDo you agree with this statement. Justify your answer.
\nAnswer:
\nYes
\ni) Habitat loss and fragmentation:
\nThis is the most important cause of extinction of animals and plants.
\nThe degradation of many habitats by pollution affects the survival of many species. It results large habitats are broken up into small fragments<\/p>\n
ii) Over-exploitation:
\nIt leads to the over-exploitation of natural resources.
\nIt leads to the over-exploitation of natural resources. For example the extinction of Steller\u2019s sea cow, passenger pigeon was due to humans<\/p>\n
Question 18.
\n
\n1. Name \u2018A\u2019 and \u2018B\u2019 from the above diagram.
\n2. Describe the following terms
\na) Capping
\nb) Tailing
\nAnswer:
\n1. A) RNA
\nB) RNA polymerase<\/p>\n
2. a) Capping: In Eukaryotes methyl guanosine triphosphate is added to the 5′-end of hnRNA.
\nb) Tailing: In tailing, adenylate residues are added at 3′-end of mRNA in a template independent manner.<\/p>\n