{"id":23178,"date":"2022-12-05T10:00:46","date_gmt":"2022-12-05T04:30:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/?p=23178"},"modified":"2022-12-06T09:36:19","modified_gmt":"2022-12-06T04:06:19","slug":"microbiology-with-diseases-by-taxonomy-chapter-1-answers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/microbiology-with-diseases-by-taxonomy-chapter-1-answers\/","title":{"rendered":"Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy Chapter 1 Answers"},"content":{"rendered":"

Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy Chapter 1 Answers<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy Answers<\/a><\/p>\n

Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy Chapter 1 Answers 1CT<\/strong><\/span>
\nInfluenza virus:<\/strong>
\nInfluenza virus has a spherical shape of diameter, 80-120 nm. They are visible under dark microscope. They cause infections in animal species. Moreover, they occur spontaneously, as epidemics.
\nLife time activities of Robert Koch:<\/strong>
\nIn addition, Robert Koch has become interested in the viral disease like influenza. He worked on viruses and has identified the diseases in the virus. Detection of viruses was not done, because virus cannot grow in the laboratory.
\nThus, he has first succeeded with anthrax and provided his postulates. If he worked on viral diseases, his life time accomplishments would have been reduced.<\/p>\n

Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy Chapter 1 Answers 1FB<\/strong><\/span>
\nThe presence of microorganisms in soil, water and associations with plants are considered as environmental microbiology.
\nMartinus beijerinck was a general microbiologist. He made a great contribution to microbial ecology and other fields. He isolated Azotobacter (an aerobic nitrogen fixing bacterium), Rhizobium (bacteria present in root nodules) and sulfur reducing bacteria.
\nSergei Winograndsky made great contributions to the soil microbiology. He observed that soil bacteria could oxidize sulfur, iron and ammonia to fulfill their energy needs. He isolated an anaerobic nitrogen fixer and also studied the decomposition of cellulose.
\nHence, the correct answers are Beijerinck<\/strong> and Winograndsky<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy Chapter 1 Answers 1M<\/strong><\/span>
\nThe sentence \u201cdeveloped smallpox immunization,\u201d describes the person Edward Jenner<\/strong>.
\nEdward Jenner,<\/strong> a scientist and an English physician, who is well known for the pioneer of vaccine for small pox<\/strong>. He is often called \u201cthe father of immunology<\/strong>.\u201d He tested the hypothesis that cowpox provided protection against smallpox in order to discover the vaccination process. His contributions established a safe and effective treatment for the prevention of small pox, and began a new branch of biology called immunology<\/strong>.
\nHence, the correct match is option (J)<\/strong> Edward Jenner<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy Chapter 1 Answers 1MC<\/strong><\/span>
\na)\u00a0<\/strong>Yeasts are single celled eukaryotic organisms. They undergo reproduction asexually and sexually. They mainly undergo preparation of alcohol from sugar; for instance, saccharomyces cerevisiae. Hence, option (b) is incorrect.
\nb)\u00a0<\/strong>Molds are multi-cellular eukaryotic organisms. Their body is made up of long filaments. They are reproducing by sexual and asexual spores. They mainly used in production of penicillin; for instance, pencillium chrysogenum. Hence, option (c) is incorrect.
\nc)\u00a0<\/strong>Protozoan is unicellular eukaryotic organisms. They are locomotive structures are known as pseudopodia, which is done by cilia. Moreover, they are chemo-heterotrophs. They reproduce asexually and sexually. They are live in water and some in animal hosts. Hence, option (d) is incorrect.
\nd)\u00a0<\/strong>Bacteria are prokaryotes, because of the absence of nuclei. They do not have membrane surrounding the genetic material. They have call wall, which is composed of polysaccharide known as peptidoglycan.
\nHence, the correct option is (a) bacteria.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy Chapter 1 Answers 1SA<\/strong><\/span>
\nThe theory of spontaneous generation states that microorganisms arose in spoiled food, and maggots were generated by spoiled meat. This theory is really a hindrance to the development of the field of microbiology, because it completely ignored the basic fact about microorganisms. That is microorganisms are the reason for causing food spoilage, and those are in fact alive and ubiquitous, and can thrive in many different conditions.<\/p>\n

Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy Chapter 1 Answers 2CT<\/strong><\/span>
\nAccording to the given data, the scientist Funk has proposed a limited diet in polished white rice. The disease is caused, due to the deficiency of thymine that affects the central nervous system. Funk was criticized by his colleagues, and they have told him to find the microbe that result in beriberi.
\nThe scientific philosophy that has prevailed is:<\/strong>
\nDuring 1900, Pasteur and Koch have worked on the theory of disease and were accepted. It explains how the disease is caused by microorganisms prevailing in the atmosphere.
\nIn addition, it explains the interpretation of the Funk\u2019s observation, was correct. But, he could not provide a mechanism, how the polished rice increases the disease beriberi in the central nervous system.<\/p>\n

Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy Chapter 1 Answers 2FB<\/strong><\/span>
\nBiochemistry is a science concerned with chemical nature and behavior of the living matter. It also related the study of chemical constituents of the living matter, biological system transformations and energy changes with these transformations.
\nLouis Pasteur<\/strong> , a French microbiologist and chemist, contributed lot to the field of biochemistry<\/strong>. He discovered vaccination process, pasteurization, and microbial fermentation. His discoveries and useful inventions saved many lives ever since. Many other discoveries of Pasteur provided direct evidence for the germ theory of disease.
\nEduard Buchner<\/strong>, a German zymologist and chemist, who worked on fermentation. He proved that the process of fermentation does not required living cells. His experiments demonstrated the presence of specific enzymes could result in fermentation. His major contributions began the field of biochemistry<\/strong> and the study of metabolism.
\nHence, the correct answers are Louis Pasteur <\/strong>and Eduard Buchner.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy Chapter 1 Answers 2M<\/strong><\/span>
\nThe description \u201cFirst photomicrograph of bacteria\u201d perfectly matches with the person \u201cRobert Koch\u201d.
\nRobert Koch was a German scientist. He discovered the causative organism of the disease anthrax, by observing the rod shaped bacterium in the blood of animals that got infected.
\nHe introduced the process of culturing microorganism, by using potato slices, and agar. He had great role behind introducing staining techniques, culturing media, and sterilization techniques. He was the person who had taken the first photomicrograph of bacteria. He was the person who introduced petri-dishes for holding microorganisms.
\nThus, it is correctly matched with the option H. Robert Koch.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy Chapter 1 Answers 2MC<\/strong><\/span>
\na)<\/strong> Bacteria are not used in the microbial growth, because they are devoid of nuclei. Their cell wall composed of polysaccharides, known as peptidoglycan. Due to this reason, they are not suitable in the microbial growth. Hence, option (a) is incorrect.
\nb)<\/strong> Fungi are eukaryotic chemo-heterotrophs organisms. Their each cell wall consists of nucleus, which is composed of the genetic material by distinct membrane. They are used as biological control pests. Hence, option (b) is incorrect.
\nc)<\/strong> Protozoa are unicellular eukaryotic organisms. They are locomotive structures known as pseudopodia cilia. They are chemoheterophs. Moreover, they reproduce asexually and sexually. They are live in water and some are in animal hosts. They are not used in the microbial growth media. Hence, option (d) is incorrect.
\nd)<\/strong> Algae are unicellular photosynthetic organisms. They make their own food from CO2<\/sub> and H2<\/sub>O using energy from sun light. They reproduce both sexually and asexually. They are photoautotrophs and they have different photosynthetic pigments. Their cell wall contains chemicals, which are used as thickness and emulsifiers in microbiological laboratory media, which is suitable for the microbial growth. They make chemicals that used in microbial growth.
\nHence, the correct option is (c) algae.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy Chapter 1 Answers 2SA<\/strong><\/span>
\nLike Spallanzani, Pasteur boiled infusions to kill everything in broth, but instead of sealing the flask, he bent the necks of the flasks into an S-shape to disprove the spontaneous generation theory. The goose neck flask allowed air inside the flask, but prevented the introduction of dust and microorganims.<\/p>\n

Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy Chapter 1 Answers 3CT<\/strong><\/span>
\nThe Haemophilus influenza virus is opportunist pathogens. They live in the host, without causing the disease. But, they get opportunity like viral infection and reduce the immune function, and then they became pathogenic. There are six types of encapsulated Haemophilus influenza a, b, c, d, e and f.
\nIn addition, large number of Haemophilus influenza virus will cause flu. The experiment of inoculation in Haemophilus influenza does not produce flu. Thus, the first postulate was not satisfied.<\/p>\n

Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy Chapter 1 Answers 3FB<\/strong><\/span>
\nPaul Ehrlich<\/strong> was a German physician and scientist, who contributed lot to chemotherapy<\/strong>, hematology and immunology. He proved that chemical could be used to kill microorganisms. To investigate his ideas, Ehrlich undertook a survey of new chemicals that could kill pathogens, and to remain nontoxic to humans. During the period of 1908, he discovered effective chemical agents against syphilis and sleeping sickness.
\nHence, the investigations of Paul Ehrlich<\/strong> led to the field of Chemotherapy.<\/p>\n

Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy Chapter 1 Answers 3M<\/strong><\/span>
\nThe description \u201cGerm theory of disease\u201d perfectly matches with the term \u201cLouis Pasteur.\u201d
\nLouis Pasteur discovered that bacteria are the agents that are spoiling the wine. This discovery has led to the impression that microorganisms are also responsible for diseases. This idea was developed as germ theory of disease<\/strong>.
\nLouis Pasteur and few other scientists have worked on this idea and observed the symptoms of few diseases. They have found that the symptoms are same in all the affected individuals for a particular disease. They also suspected that some diseases such as cholera, anthrax, and tuberculosis are caused by some specific germs, which they named as pathogens.
\nThus, the correct match is C. Louis Pasteur<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy Chapter 1 Answers 3MC<\/strong><\/span>
\nArchaea are prokaryotic, because of the absence of nuclei. They are small prokaryotes, which live in most of the habitats. Some of them are disease causing, while some are beneficial.
\nIn addition, they live in pairs, chains, and individual. They require habitat and sufficient moisture. They are isolated from extreme environments like high salt, low pH and high temperature.
\nFurthermore, they are found in Yellow Stone National Park, oxygen-depleted mud at the swamps, and Great Salt Lake called Mono Lake in California. They do not cause disease.
\nThus, the correct options are (a) Acidic hot springs, (b) swamp mud, and (c) Great Salt Lake in California.
\nHence, the correct option is (d) all of the above<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy Chapter 1 Answers 3SA<\/strong><\/span>
\nMicroorganisms are microscopic in nature that exist as unicellular, multicellular, or cell clusters. They thrive in different places on earth and are beneficial to life. They can be divided into six major types: Bacteria, Fungi, Archaea, Protozoa, Algae, and Virus.<\/p>\n

Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy Chapter 1 Answers 4CT<\/strong><\/span>
\nPasteurization:<\/strong>
\nAutoclaving and other forms of heat sterilization kill vegetative cells of microorganisms. This is because the temperature required, for sterilization possesses destruct various beverages and foods. While other methods, such as pasteurization is known to reduce contamination or microbial numbers.
\nPasteurization was developed by Louis Pasteur in the year 1860. This process is used in the elimination of the pathogens in the milk. It eliminates the pathogens causing disease like bovine, tuberculosis, and brucellosis. This technique is used in fermentation industries and dairy industries. Pasteurization of milk kills the pathogenic vegetative cells and other microorganism, prolonging the quality of the products.
\nSimilarly, pasteurization is a process of heating, which kills contaminated bacteria without changing the taste of the milk. It cannot destroy the bacterial endospores or fungal spores.
\nTherefore, the endospores have chance to germinate and ferment in the milk. That\u2019s why the milk has sour taste.<\/p>\n

Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy Chapter 1 Answers 4FB<\/strong><\/span>
\nEdward Jenner, a scientist and an English physician, who is well known for the pioneer of vaccine for small pox. He is often called \u201cthe father of immunology<\/strong>.\u201d He tested the hypothesis that cowpox provided protection against smallpox in order to discover the vaccination process. His contributions established a safe and effective treatment for the prevention of small pox, and began a new branch of biology called immunology.<\/strong>
\nHence, the investigations of Edward Jenner<\/strong> led to the development of immunology.<\/p>\n

Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy Chapter 1 Answers 4M<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n