{"id":1788,"date":"2020-12-03T05:45:43","date_gmt":"2020-12-03T00:15:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/?p=1788"},"modified":"2020-12-03T14:33:04","modified_gmt":"2020-12-03T09:03:04","slug":"components-form-structure-plasma-membrane","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/components-form-structure-plasma-membrane\/","title":{"rendered":"Which Components form the Structure of the Plasma Membrane"},"content":{"rendered":"

Which Components form the Structure of the Plasma Membrane<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Ultra Structure of Cells<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Which
\n\"Which
\nPlasma Membrane :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Introduction :<\/strong><\/span>
\nCell surface in all the cells is enclosed by a living membrane which is called cell membrane by
\nC. Nageli <\/strong>and C. Kramer <\/strong>(1855).
\nHistorical Account : <\/strong><\/span>
\nJ.Q. Plower <\/strong>(1931) coined the term Plasmalemma <\/strong>for cell membrane.<\/p>\n

Ultrastructure : \u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Plasma membrane <\/em>forms outer covering of each cell.<\/li>\n
  • It is present in both plant and animal cells.<\/li>\n
  • Plasma membrane is a living, thin, delicate elastic, selectively permeable membrane.<\/li>\n
  • It separates contents of a cell from the surrounding medium.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Fluid Mosaic Model :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    • In 1972, Singer Nicolson<\/strong> proposed this model. According to this, cell membrane consists-two layers of phospholipid molecules, phospholipid & protein molecules are arranged as a mosaic.<\/li>\n
    • Phospholipid molecules have their polar heads\u00a0 directed outward non polar tail pointing inward.<\/li>\n
    • The proteins are of two types<\/strong> \u00ad:<\/li>\n
    • Peripheral and integral. Peripheral proteins are located superficially while integral proteins are embeded in the phospholipid matrix. The protein monolayer have elasticity & mechanical support to the lipid matrix.
      \n\"Which<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Functions of Plasma Membrane :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      • The main function of plasma membrane is to regulate the movement of molecules inside and outside the cell.<\/li>\n
      • It allow the movement of gaseous substance from high concentration to low concentration which known as diffusion.<\/li>\n
      • Water also obeys the low of diffusion . The movement of water molecule through a selectively permeable membrane is called osmosis.<\/li>\n
      • The flexibility of cell membrane also enables the cell to engulf in food, which is also known as endocytosis. For example \u2013 in Amoeba<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Cell wall<\/strong> :<\/strong><\/span>
        \nIn plants, one another rigid is called ‘Cell wall’. It is made up of cellulose which provide structural strength to plant.<\/p>\n

        Function of cell wall :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        • It maintains the shape of cell.<\/li>\n
        • It protect the cells from mechanical injury & prevents their desication.<\/li>\n
        • It provide mechanical support against gravity. It is due to rigid cell walls that the aerial part of plant are able to keep erect & expose their leaves to sunlight. \u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n
        • Cell walls permit the cells to with stand very dilute external media without bursting.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Nucleus<\/strong> <\/span>:<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>It is the most important part of cell which control all the activities of cell.<\/p>\n

          Structure of Nucleus\u00a0 :<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

            \n
          • The nucleus has a double layered covering called nuclear membrane.<\/li>\n
          • The nuclear membrane has pores inside the nucleus to its outside, that is, to the cytoplasm.<\/li>\n
          • The nucleus contains chromosomes, which are visible as rod-shaped structures only when the cell is about to divide.<\/li>\n
          • Chromosomes are composed of DNA and protein.<\/li>\n
          • Functional segments of DNA are called genes.<\/li>\n
          • In a cell which is not dividing, this DNA is present as part of chromatin material.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Function of nucleus :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

              \n
            • It play a important role in cellular reproduction.<\/li>\n
            • DNA contain the information necessary for constructing & organizing cells.<\/li>\n
            • Nucleoid<\/u> – In some organisms nuclear region of cell may be poorly defined due to the absence of nuclear membrane. Such an undefined nuclear region called nucleoid.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Note : <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                \n
              • Prokaryotic cell –<\/strong> Cell which do not have well defined nuclear region . called prokaryotic cells. Pro<\/strong> – Primitive \u00a0\u00a0Karyon<\/strong> –\u00a0 nucleus<\/li>\n
              • Eukaryotic cells<\/strong> – Cells which have well defined nuclear region, called eukaryotic cells.<\/li>\n
              • Along with nucleus membrane, prokaryotic cells lack most of cell organells.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Cytoplasm :<\/strong><\/span>
                \nThe fluid & semifluid matrix of\u00a0 a cell between the nucleus & the plasma membrane, containing various organelles is called cytoplasm.<\/p>\n

                Cell organelles :<\/strong><\/span>
                \nSmall membrane bound structures, which perform a lot of chemical activities to support the function & structure of a cell, called cell organelles –<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                Which Components form the Structure of the Plasma Membrane Ultra Structure of Cells Plasma Membrane : Introduction : Cell surface in all the cells is enclosed by a living membrane which is called cell membrane by C. Nageli and C. Kramer (1855). Historical Account : J.Q. Plower (1931) coined the term Plasmalemma for cell membrane. 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