{"id":16653,"date":"2018-08-24T11:58:16","date_gmt":"2018-08-24T11:58:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/?p=16653"},"modified":"2020-12-04T16:21:22","modified_gmt":"2020-12-04T10:51:22","slug":"selina-icse-solutions-class-9-chemistry-atmospheric-pollution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/selina-icse-solutions-class-9-chemistry-atmospheric-pollution\/","title":{"rendered":"Selina Concise Chemistry Class 9 ICSE Solutions Atmospheric Pollution"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><span style=\"color: #00ccff;\">Selina Concise Chemistry Class 9 ICSE Solutions Atmospheric Pollution<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a class=\"button-red\" title=\"ICSE Solutions for Class 10, 9, 8, 7 and 6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/icse-solutions\/\">ICSE Solutions<\/a><a class=\"button-blue\" title=\"Selina Concise ICSE Solutions for Class 10, 9, 8, 7 and 6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/selina-concise-icse-solutions\/\">Selina ICSE Solutions<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"button-red\" title=\"Formulae Handbook For ICSE Class 9 and 10 Maths and Science\" href=\"https:\/\/goo.gl\/FCvuh4\">Download Formulae Handbook For ICSE Class 9 and 10<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Selina ICSE Solutions for Class 9 Chemistry Chapter 8 Atmospheric Pollution<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Page No: 128<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Question 1.<br \/>\nDefine the following terms:<br \/>\npollution<br \/>\npollutant<br \/>\nair pollution<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<br \/>\n<\/span>Pollution may be defined as contamination of air, water or soil by undesirable amounts of materials or heat and is caused by the concentration of substances which have harmful effects.<\/p>\n<p>Toxic and otherwise harmful substances which have an undesirable impact on different components of the environment and life forms are known as pollutants.<\/p>\n<p>Air pollution means degradation of air quality due to concentration of harmful contaminants which affect human, plant and animal lives.<\/p>\n<p>Question 2.<br \/>\nName any four gaseous pollutants.<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<br \/>\n<\/span>Sulphur dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons.<\/p>\n<p>Question 3.<br \/>\nName the compounds of sulphur that cause air pollution. Also state the harmful effects of sulphur compounds.<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<br \/>\n<\/span>Compounds of sulphur like sulphur dioxide, sulphur trioxide and hydrogen sulphide are pollutants.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Harmful effects of oxides of sulphur:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It causes headache, vomiting and even death due to respiratory failure.<\/li>\n<li>It destroys vegetation and weakens building materials\/constructions.<\/li>\n<li>It mixes with smoke and fog to form smog, which is very harmful.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It is\u00a0oxidised\u00a0by atmospheric oxygen into\u00a0sulphur\u00a0trioxide (SO<sub>3<\/sub>) which combines with water to form\u00a0sulphuricacid.<br \/>\n2SO<sub>2(g)<\/sub>\u00a0+ O<sub>2(g)<\/sub>\u00a0\u21922SO<sub>3(g)<br \/>\n<\/sub>SO<sub>3(g)<\/sub>\u00a0+ H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(l)<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4(l)<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>Question 4.<br \/>\nState:<br \/>\nnatural sources of air pollution<br \/>\nman-made sources of air pollution<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span>Volcanoes, decaying vegetation, forest fires and dust storms.<br \/>\nAutomobiles, factories, industrial processes and decay of crop residue in rural areas.<\/p>\n<p>Question 5.<br \/>\na. How do oxides of nitrogen enter the atmosphere?<br \/>\nb. What are their harmful effects?<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<br \/>\n<\/span>Nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2<\/sub>) enter the atmosphere in the following ways:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n<li>On burning of fuels in furnaces, temperature increases. At high temperature, nitrogen and oxygen present in air combine to form oxides of nitrogen.<\/li>\n<li>When fuel burns in an internal combustion engine, oxides of nitrogen are produced, and they enter the atmosphere as exhaust gases from automobile engines.<\/li>\n<li>Nitric acid is formed by the reaction between atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen in the presence of electric discharge, which occurs during thunderstorms when there is lightning.<\/li>\n<li>Nitric oxide further reacts with atmospheric oxygen and ozone to form nitrogen dioxide.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Harmful effects of the oxide of nitrogen<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nitrogen dioxide is very harmful to plants and animals.<\/li>\n<li>It causes irritation in the mucous membrane.<\/li>\n<li>Large concentrations of NO<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>may cause serious lung diseases.<\/li>\n<li>Nitrogen dioxide causes serious injury to vegetation; it damages plant leaves.<\/li>\n<li>In sunlight, nitrogen dioxide\u00a0oxidises\u00a0hydrocarbons to form photochemical smog. Photochemical smog causes eye irritation, asthma attacks and nasal and throat infections.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Question 6.<br \/>\nState the origin and health impact of smog.<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span>Smog is a dark, thick, dust and soot-laden fog pollutant which is a combination of oxides of nitrogen and sulphur and of partially oxidised hydrocarbons and their derivatives produced by industries and automobiles.<br \/>\nSmog is noxious and irritating. It reduces visibility, induces respiratory troubles and can cause death by suffocation.<\/p>\n<p>Question 7.<br \/>\nWhat are the harmful effects of oxides of sulphur?<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><strong>Harmful effects of oxides of\u00a0sulphur:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It causes headache, vomiting and even death due to respiratory failure.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It destroys vegetation and weakens building materials\/constructions.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It mixes with smoke and fog to form smog, which is very harmful.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is\u00a0oxidised\u00a0by atmospheric oxygen into\u00a0sulphur\u00a0trioxide (SO<sub>3<\/sub>) which combines with water to form\u00a0sulphuricacid.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2SO<sub>2(g)<\/sub>\u00a0+ O<sub>2(g)<\/sub>\u00a0\u21922SO<sub>3(g)<br \/>\n<\/sub>SO<sub>3(g)<\/sub>\u00a0+ H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(l)<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4(l)<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>Question 8.<br \/>\nState the main sources and effects of carbon monoxide.<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<br \/>\n<\/span>Carbon monoxide is formed by incomplete combustion of fuels in homes, factories and automobiles.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Effects of carbon monoxide are as follows:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It is a highly poisonous gas.<\/li>\n<li>It reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood by an amount equivalent to the amount of haemoglobin converted to carboxyhaemoglobin.<br \/>\nHaemoglobin + CO \u2192 Carboxyhaemoglobin<\/li>\n<li>Because heart and brain are the two tissues most sensitive to oxygen depletion, they show the most serious effects of carbon monoxide exposure.<\/li>\n<li>In high concentrations, carbon monoxide may kill by paralysing normal brain action.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Question 9.<br \/>\nGive the mechanism of the action of carbon monoxide.<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It is a highly poisonous gas.<\/li>\n<li>When inhaled, it passes through the lungs directly into the blood stream. There it combines with haemoglobin, the substance which carries oxygen to body tissues. Because haemoglobin binds with carbon monoxide 200 times more strongly than oxygen, even low concentrations of carbon monoxide in air have magnified effects on the body.<\/li>\n<li>It reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood by an amount equivalent to the amount of haemoglobin converted to carboxyhaemoglobin.<br \/>\nHaemoglobin + CO \u2192 Carboxyhaemoglobin<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Question 10.<br \/>\nHow can we control carbon monoxide poisoning?<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span>Carbon monoxide pollution can be controlled in the following ways:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n<li>By switching over from internal combustion engines to electrically powered cars.<br \/>\nMany pollution control devices are now installed in cars. Most of these devices help reduce pollution by burning gasoline completely. Complete combustion of gasoline produces only carbon dioxide and water\u00a0vapour.<br \/>\n2C<sub>8<\/sub>H<sub>18<\/sub>\u00a0+ 5O<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 16CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0+ 18H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/li>\n<li>By using substitute fuels for gasoline: Natural gas in both compressed (CNG) and liquefied forms (LNG) is now increasingly being used as fuel. Alcohols are other feasible substitutes.<\/li>\n<li>By using catalytic convertors: Nitrogen oxide is reduced to nitrogen and oxygen in the presence of finely divided platinum or palladium as a catalyst.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-124096\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Selina-Concise-Chemistry-Class-9-ICSE-Solutions-Atmospheric-Pollution-image-1.png\" alt=\"Selina Concise Chemistry Class 9 ICSE Solutions Atmospheric Pollution image - 1\" width=\"741\" height=\"160\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Selina-Concise-Chemistry-Class-9-ICSE-Solutions-Atmospheric-Pollution-image-1.png 741w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Selina-Concise-Chemistry-Class-9-ICSE-Solutions-Atmospheric-Pollution-image-1-300x65.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 741px) 100vw, 741px\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Page No: 130<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Question 1.<br \/>\nWhy does rain water have pH less than 7?<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<\/span><br \/>\nCarbon dioxide reacts with water to form weak carbonic acid which is slightly acidic having pH about 5.6.<br \/>\nHence, the pH of rain water usually ranges between 5.6 and 3.5; at times, it can be as low as 2.<\/p>\n<p>Question 2.<br \/>\npH of acid rain is sometimes as low as 2. Explain.<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<\/span>Normal rain is only slightly acidic having pH about 5.6.<br \/>\nThis is because carbon dioxide reacts with it to form weak carbonic acid.<br \/>\nCO<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>+ H<sub>2<\/sub>O\u00a0\u2192\u00a0H<sub>2<\/sub>CO<sub>3<br \/>\n<\/sub>pH\u00a0of acid rain usually ranges between 5.6 and 3.5; at times, it can be as low as 2.<\/p>\n<p>Question 3.<br \/>\nExplain the formation of acid rain due to:<br \/>\n1. Oxides of sulphur<br \/>\n2. Oxides of nitrogen<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sulphur\u00a0is a non-metallic element found in coal and fuel oil. When these fuels are burned,\u00a0sulphur\u00a0combines with oxygen in air to form its gaseous oxides,\u00a0sulphur\u00a0dioxide (SO<sub>2<\/sub>) and\u00a0sulphur\u00a0trioxide (SO<sub>3<\/sub>).<br \/>\nS + O<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 SO<sub>2<br \/>\n<\/sub>2SO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0+ O<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 2SO<sub>3<\/sub><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sulphur\u00a0dioxide and\u00a0sulphur\u00a0trioxide react with water to form H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub>\u00a0which is the main cause of acid rain.<br \/>\n2SO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0+ O<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0+ 2H<sub>2<\/sub>O \u2192 2H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<br \/>\n<\/sub>SO<sub>3<\/sub>\u00a0+ H<sub>2<\/sub>O \u2192 H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub><\/li>\n<li>Nitric acid is formed by the combination of nitrogen and oxygen. Nitrogen and oxygen combine in the presence of thunder and lightning. Oxides of nitrogen are also produced by internal combustion engines.<br \/>\nN<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0+ O<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>\u2192 2NO<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nitrogen oxide then gets\u00a0oxidised\u00a0in the atmosphere to nitrogen dioxide.<br \/>\n2NO +O<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 2NO<sub>2<br \/>\n<\/sub><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nitrogen dioxide combines with water to form a mixture of nitrous acid and nitric acid.<br \/>\n2NO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0+ H<sub>2<\/sub>O \u2192 HNO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0+ HNO<sub>3<\/sub><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Question 4.<br \/>\nWhat are the causes of acid rain?<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<br \/>\n<\/span>The main causes of acid rain are the formation of mineral acids such as carbonic acid, nitric acid and sulphuric acid during rains.<\/p>\n<p>Question 5.<br \/>\nGive the impact of acid rain:<br \/>\n1. on plants<br \/>\n2. on soil<br \/>\n3. on water bodies<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span>Acid rain causes loss of nutrients from plants, thus damaging their leaves.<br \/>\nIt removes calcium and potassium both basic ingredients of soil, thus making it lose its fertility which ultimately damages forests.<br \/>\nAcid rain has serious ecological impacts as it affects water bodies too. The water of lakes and rivers is gradually becoming acidic due to acid rain which is affecting aquatic life.<\/p>\n<p>Question 6.<br \/>\nHow does a scrubber help in reducing the formation of acid rain?<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span>A scrubber can also be used to reduce the formation of acid rain. It is a device which absorbs gaseous pollutants. It is used for removing sulphur dioxide from a smoke stack, and usually consists of a fine spray of water and gas rising from the stack, which is passed through the scrubber where water absorbs sulphur dioxide.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-124100\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Selina-Concise-Chemistry-Class-9-ICSE-Solutions-Atmospheric-Pollution-image-2.png\" alt=\"Selina Concise Chemistry Class 9 ICSE Solutions Atmospheric Pollution image - 2\" width=\"289\" height=\"201\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Page No: 131<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Question 1.<br \/>\nWhat do you understand by Green House effect?<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<\/span><br \/>\nHeating of the Earth and its environment due to solar radiation trapped by carbon dioxide and water vapour in the atmosphere is called greenhouse effect.<\/p>\n<p>Question 2.<br \/>\nWhat are green house gases? How are they responsible for global warming?<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<br \/>\n<\/span>Gases which contribute to the greenhouse effect are called greenhouse gases. These gases are carbon dioxide, water\u00a0<span class=\"SpellE\">vapour<\/span>, oxides of nitrogen, methane, ozone and chlorofluorocarbons. Sunlight reaching Earth consists of three types of radiation-UV radiation, visible radiation and IR radiation. As sunlight passes through the atmosphere, most UV radiation is absorbed by ozone; 30% of IR radiation reaches the Earth&#8217;s surface, heating it up. As the Earth&#8217;s surface becomes hot, it starts emitting radiation with less energy than the incoming radiation and thus with longer wavelength. Some emitted IR radiation escapes from the Earth&#8217;s surface and some are absorbed by CO<sub>2<\/sub>, thus remaining on the Earth. Trapped radiation warms the Earth&#8217;s surface and lower layers of the atmosphere.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-124145\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Selina-Concise-Chemistry-Class-9-ICSE-Solutions-Atmospheric-Pollution-image-3-1.png\" alt=\"Selina Concise Chemistry Class 9 ICSE Solutions Atmospheric Pollution image - 3\" width=\"217\" height=\"166\" \/><br \/>\nQuestion 3.<br \/>\nState the sources and effects of the following gases:<br \/>\n1. Carbon dioxide<br \/>\n2. Methane<br \/>\n3. Water vapour<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<br \/>\n<\/span><strong>Sources of carbon dioxide:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Burning of fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas and petroleum<\/li>\n<li>Industrial processes such as manufacture of lime and those in fermentation units<\/li>\n<li>Biological decay of plants<\/li>\n<li>Respiration by animals, human beings and plants<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Effects of carbon dioxide:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Greenhouse effect and global warming<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Sources of methane:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Anaerobic decomposition of organic matter in soil, water and sediments<\/li>\n<li>Incomplete combustion of fossil fuels<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Effects of methane:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Greenhouse effect and global warming<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Sources of water vapour:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Burning of hydrocarbons<\/li>\n<li>Evaporation and transpiration<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Effects of water vapour:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Greenhouse effect and global warming<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Question 4.<br \/>\nState the ways of reducing the presence of green house gases.<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<br \/>\n<\/span><strong>Ways of reducing the presence of greenhouse gases:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Minimise the use of automobiles: Depending on the situation, one can use a bicycle, the public transport system and car pools.<\/li>\n<li>Plant more trees to increase green cover.<\/li>\n<li>Avoid burning of dry leaves and wood.<\/li>\n<li>Avoid smoking. It is illegal to smoke in public places and work places, because smoke is harmful not only for the one who is smoking but also for others sitting nearby.<\/li>\n<li>Help people in understanding global warming; most people are unaware of it.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Question 5.<br \/>\nState the effects of green house gases on the atmosphere.<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<br \/>\n<\/span><strong>Effects of global warming<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rise in sea level: Due to global warming, glaciers and polar ice caps have started to melt, and gradually this may lead to an increase in the sea level. This will in turn flood several coastal areas in countries such as India, Bangladesh, the Netherlands and the Maldives.<\/li>\n<li>Global warming will cause more water to evaporate from water bodies, thus forming more water vapour. Because water vapour also contributes to the greenhouse effect, global warming will further increase.<\/li>\n<li>Global warming can lead to changes in the rain pattern and thus shift in crop zones. For example, wheat-producing zones will shift from Russia and Canada to the less fertile polar regions.<\/li>\n<li>Change in rain pattern due to global warming will also affect trees and plants in forests which are natural habitats of wild life. With destruction of forests, many species of wild life will also begin to die out.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Question 6.<br \/>\nState the role of a green house in growing plants.<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<br \/>\n<\/span>A greenhouse collects light and converts it to heat. It also stores thermal energy and helps moderate temperature and produces a controlled environment for plants to grow and thrive. It even offers protection from wind, rain, snow and other weather elements and protects fruits from invading pests and animals.<\/p>\n<p>Question 7.<br \/>\nOur atmosphere acts as a green house. Explain.<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<br \/>\n<\/span>Our atmosphere contains greenhouse gases such as CO<sub>2<\/sub>, water\u00a0<span class=\"SpellE\">vapour<\/span>, O<sub>3<\/sub>, CH<sub>4<\/sub>, oxides of nitrogen and CFCs and allows the sunrays to come in. Sunlight reaching the Earth consists of three types of radiation-UV radiation, visible radiation and IR radiation. As sunlight passes through the atmosphere, most UV radiation is absorbed by ozone; 30% of IR radiation reaches the Earth&#8217;s surface, heating it up. As the Earth&#8217;s surface becomes hot, it starts emitting radiation with less energy than the incoming radiation and thus with longer wavelength. Some emitted IR radiation escapes from the Earth&#8217;s surface and some are absorbed by CO<sub>2<\/sub>, thus remaining on the Earth. Trapped radiation warms the Earth&#8217;s surface and lower layers of the atmosphere.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-124106\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Selina-Concise-Chemistry-Class-9-ICSE-Solutions-Atmospheric-Pollution-image-3.png\" alt=\"Selina Concise Chemistry Class 9 ICSE Solutions Atmospheric Pollution image - 3\" width=\"217\" height=\"166\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Question 8.<br \/>\nHow can we reduce global warming?<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ways of reducing global warming:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Minimise the use of automobiles: Depending on the situation, one can use a bicycle, the public transport system and car pools.<\/li>\n<li>Plant more trees to increase green cover.<\/li>\n<li>Avoid burning of dry leaves and wood.<\/li>\n<li>Avoid smoking. It is illegal to smoke in public places and work places, because smoke is harmful not only for the one who is smoking but also for others sitting nearby.<\/li>\n<li>Help people in understanding global warming; most people are unaware of it.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Page No: 134<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Question 1.<br \/>\nWhat is a pollutant?<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<br \/>\n<\/span>The toxic substances that have an undesirable impact on different components of the environment and are injurious to life and property are known as pollutants.<\/p>\n<p>Question 2.<br \/>\nWhat is the effect of the following pollutants on living beings (one in each case)?<br \/>\nFluorides<br \/>\nSmoke particles<br \/>\nLead<br \/>\nMercury compounds<br \/>\nSmog<br \/>\nNitrogen oxide<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<br \/>\n<\/span>Effect of Pollutant on living beings:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Fluorides:<\/strong>\u00a0Effects teeth and bones.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Smoke Particles:<\/strong>\u00a0Cause asthma and lung diseases.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lead:<\/strong>\u00a0Damages the nervous and digestive systems and can cause cancer .<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mercury compounds:<\/strong>\u00a0They cause disease like Minamata commonly found in fishermen.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Smog:<\/strong>\u00a0It reduces visibility and induces respiratory troubles.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nitrogen Oxide:<\/strong>\u00a0Causes death of many plants.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Question 3.<br \/>\nWhat is air pollution? How does this pollution take place?<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<br \/>\n<\/span><strong>Air pollution:<\/strong>\u00a0Deterioration of air quality around us is called air pollution.\u00a0It is defined as the presence of a contaminant in the atmosphere in a concentration large enough to injure human, plant and animal life.<\/p>\n<p>Air pollution takes place due to the presence of gaseous pollutants like oxides of sulphur, hydrocarbons, smoke, oxides of carbon, oxides of nitrogen, dust, particulate pollutants like mist, spray and fume.<\/p>\n<p>Question 4.<br \/>\nWhat are the components of clean, dry air?<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<br \/>\n<\/span>Components of air is:<\/p>\n<table border=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"164\"><strong>Pure Air components<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"164\"><strong>By Volume percentage<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"164\"><strong>Concentration parts per million (ppm)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"164\">Nitrogen<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"164\">78.09<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"164\">780,900<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"164\">Oxgyen<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"164\">20.94<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"164\">209,400<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"164\"><strong>Inert Gases<br \/>\n<\/strong>Argon<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"164\">0.93<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"164\">9300<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"164\">Neon<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"164\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"164\">18<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"164\">Helium<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"164\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"164\">5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"164\">Krypton<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"164\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"164\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"164\">Xenon<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"164\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"164\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"164\">Carbon-dioxide<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"164\">0.03<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"164\">315<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"164\">Methane<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"164\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"164\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"164\">Hydrogen<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"164\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"164\">0.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"164\"><strong>Natural pollutants<br \/>\n<\/strong>Oxides of nitrogen<br \/>\nOzone<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"164\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"164\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">0.52<br \/>\n0.02<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Question 5.<br \/>\nName some particulate pollutants.<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<br \/>\n<\/span>Particulate Pollutant are dust, smoke, mist, spray and fume.<\/p>\n<p>Question 6.<br \/>\nWhy is cigarette-smoking harmful?<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<br \/>\n<\/span>Cigarette smoking is harmful not only for one who is smoking but also for sitting nearby and so one should avoid it. Tobacco smoke causes lung cancer and asthma.<\/p>\n<p>Question 7.<br \/>\nWhat is smog? State its damaging effects.<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<br \/>\n<\/span><strong>Smog:<\/strong>\u00a0A smog is a pollutant which is a combination of oxides of sulphur and nitrogen, partially oxidized hydrocarbons and their derivatives produced by industries and automobiles from a dark, thick dust and soot laden fog known as smog.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Damaging Effect:<\/strong>\u00a0Smog is noxious and irritating. It reduces visibility, induce respiratory troubles and can cause death by suffocation.<br \/>\nPhotochemical Smog damages the tissues of certain plants and even decreases the yield of citrus fruits and grapes.<\/p>\n<p>Question 8.<br \/>\nWhat do you understand by ppm?<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<br \/>\n<\/span>ppm means parts per million. That is, share in 10, 00000.<\/p>\n<p>Question 9.<br \/>\nDescribe the major air pollutants. How does carbon monoxide pollute our environment?<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<br \/>\n<\/span>Major air pollutants are: Large amounts of Carbon monoxide, Sulphur dioxide, H<sub>2<\/sub>S, Chlorine, HCl, Hydrocarbons and particulates. Particulate matter like sand, dust etc. Secondary pollutant like (PAN) peroxyaryl.<\/p>\n<p>Question 10.<br \/>\nHow do you propose to control:<br \/>\na. carbon monoxide emission<br \/>\nb. SOx emission<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<br \/>\n<\/span>Control of: (i) Carbon monoxide, CO emission:<br \/>\nEmission of CO can be controlled by :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Switching over from internal combustion engine to electrically powered cars. (b) Using alcohols, CNG, LNG in place of gasoline.<\/li>\n<li>By using Catalytic Mufflers or Convertors.<\/li>\n<li>Using pollution control devices to burn gasoline completely.<\/li>\n<li>Using lead free petrol.<\/li>\n<li>By using catalytic convertors<br \/>\nNitrogen oxide is reduced to nitrogen and oxygen in the presence of finely divided platinum or palladium as catalyst.<br \/>\n2NO\u00a0\u2192\u00a0N<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0+ O<sub>2<br \/>\n<\/sub>2NO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 N<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0+ 2O<sub>2<\/sub><\/li>\n<li>Carbon monoxide changes to carbon dioxide in the presence of finely divided platinum as catalyst.<br \/>\nCO \u2192 CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0+ H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>(ii) (SO<sub>x<\/sub>) oxides of Sulphur emission: Oxides of sulphur (SO, SO) emission can be reduced by-<br \/>\n(a) Using coal or oil that has low sulphur content. (b) By using Scrubber, a device that absorbs gaseous pollutants.<\/p>\n<p>Question 11.<br \/>\nGive the composition, causes and effects of acid rain.<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><u>Acid rain<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Factories in big cities release nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide as their wastes. These gases dissolve in rainwater during rains and form nitrous acid and sulphurous acid. As the rain falls, these acids come down to the ground as an\u00a0acid rain.<\/p>\n<p>The normal rain is slightly acidic having a pH about 56 as carbon dioxide gas reacts with it to form a weak carbonic acid.<br \/>\n<span lang=\"EN-IN\">CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0+\u00a0H<sub>2<\/sub>O\u00a0\u2192\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"EN-IN\">H<sub>2<\/sub>CO<sub>3<br \/>\n<\/sub><\/span><span lang=\"EN-IN\">(Carbonic acid)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The pH of acid rain ranges between 56 &#8211; 35 and in some cases pH can go even lower than 2.<br \/>\nThe two forms of deposition of acid rains are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dry deposits-Particles containing sulphates and nitrates<\/li>\n<li>Wet deposits-dew, rain, fog, smoke<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><u>Formation of acid rain<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Acid rain refers to rain which has pH less than 5.6. It is mainly caused by atmospheric pollutants.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Natural sources:<\/strong>\u00a0Bacterial decomposition, forest fires, volcanic eruptions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Man made sources:<\/strong>\u00a0Industries and smelting plants, automobile exhausts, power plants etc.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Oxides of nitrogen and sulphur\u00a0<\/strong>interact with water vapour in presence of sunlight in the atmosphere to form nitric acid and sulphuric acid mist respectively. This mist remains as vapours at high temperatures and condenses at low temperatures. These acids mix with rain (snow or fog) and fall down on the Earth resulting in acid rain.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><u>Causes of acid rain<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The formation of mineral acids like carbonic acid, nitric acid and sulphuric acid is the main cause of acid rain.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Formation of Nitric acid and Nitrous acid<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nitrogen and oxygen (that is oxides of nitrogen) combines in the presence of thunder and lightning to form nitric acid.<\/li>\n<li>They are also produced by internal combustion engines (automobile engines). This then gets oxidized in the atmosphere to nitrogen dioxide. Nitrogen dioxide combines with water to form a mixture of nitrous acid and nitric acid.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>N<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0+ O<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 2NO<br \/>\n(Nitrogen oxide)<\/p>\n<p>2NO + O<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 2NO<sub>2<br \/>\n<\/sub>(Nitrogen dioxide)<\/p>\n<p>2NO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0+ H<sub>2<\/sub>O\u00a0\u2192 HNO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0+\u00a0HNO<sub>3<br \/>\n<\/sub>(Nitrous acid)\u00a0(Nitric acid)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Formation of Sulphuric acid and Sulphurous acid<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Impurities in the coal: Coal used in power plants contains upto 4% sulphur. On combustion it forms pollutant sulphur dioxide (i.e, oxides of sulphur).<br \/>\nS\u00a0+\u00a0O<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 SO<sub>2<br \/>\n<\/sub>(Sulphur dioxide)<\/p>\n<p>Sulphur dioxide reacts with water vapour to form sulphurous acid.<br \/>\nSO<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>+\u00a0H<sub>2<\/sub>O\u00a0\u2192 H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>3<br \/>\n<\/sub>(Sulphurous acid)<\/p>\n<p>Sulphur dioxide can also be oxidized to sulphur trioxide.<br \/>\n2SO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0+\u00a0O<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 2SO<sub>3<br \/>\n<\/sub>(Sulphur trioxide)<\/p>\n<p>Sulphur trioxide reacts with water vapour to form sulphuric acid.<br \/>\nSO<sub>3<\/sub>\u00a0+\u00a0H<sub>2<\/sub>O\u00a0H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<br \/>\n<\/sub>(Sulphuric acid)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Impact of Acid rain<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><u>Changes the acidity of soil:<\/u>\u00a0The acids present in\u00a0the acid rain like, nitric acid, nitrous acid and sulphuric acid, sulphurous acid increases the acidity of soil. It removes calcium and potassium minerals i.e., basic ingredients from the soil losing their fertility.<\/p>\n<p>The hydrogen ions H<sup>+<\/sup>\u00a0which are added to the soil, when acid rain falls on the Earth interact chemically with existing soil minerals.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-124149\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Selina-Concise-Chemistry-Class-9-ICSE-Solutions-Atmospheric-Pollution-image-4.png\" alt=\"Selina Concise Chemistry Class 9 ICSE Solutions Atmospheric Pollution image - 4\" width=\"199\" height=\"29\" \/><\/p>\n<p><u>Affects water bodies and marine organisms:<\/u>\u00a0The water of lakes and rivers is becoming acidic, which may no longer support aquatic life.<\/p>\n<p><u>Material damage:<\/u>\u00a0It increases corrosion of metals, disintegrates paper and leather. Weakens building materials such as statues, marbles, sculptures, limestone, slate, mortar etc. These materials become pitted and weakened mechanically. The Taj Mahal in India faces this problem.<br \/>\nCaCO<sub>3<\/sub>\u00a0+\u00a0H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 CaSO<sub>4<\/sub>\u00a0+\u00a0CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0+\u00a0H<sub>2<\/sub>O<br \/>\nCaCO<sub>3<\/sub>\u00a0+\u00a02HNO<sub>3\u00a0<\/sub>\u2192 Ca(NO<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0+\u00a0CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0+\u00a0H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/p>\n<p><u>Impact on living things:<\/u>\u00a0It damages forests. Acid rain gets absorbed by plants, animals directly or indirectly toxicity enters food chain affecting humans. They can affect a person&#8217;s breathing, at sufficiently high concentrations. Sulphur dioxide irritates the upper respiratory tract, which serve to expel soot particles and dust in the inhaled air. At even lower concentrations, it does still greater harm by injuring lung tissues.<\/p>\n<p>Question 12.<br \/>\nExplain the effect of sulphur dioxide on the atmosphere.<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<br \/>\n<\/span><strong>Harmful effects of oxides of sulphur:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It causes headache, vomiting and even death due to respiratory failure.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It destroys vegetation and weakens building materials\/constructions.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It mixes with smoke and fog to form smog, which is very harmful.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is oxidised by atmospheric oxygen into sulphur trioxide (SO<sub>3<\/sub>) which combines with water to form sulphuric acid (H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub>). Sulphuric acid is the cause of acid rain.<br \/>\n2SO<sub>2(g)\u00a0<\/sub>\u00a0+ O<sub>2(g)\u00a0<\/sub>\u2192\u00a02SO<sub>3(g)<br \/>\n<\/sub>SO<sub>3(g)\u00a0<\/sub>+ H<sub>2<\/sub>O\u00a0\u2192H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4(aq)<\/sub><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Question 13.<br \/>\nExplain the formation of ozone in the atmosphere.<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<br \/>\n<\/span>In the atmosphere ozone is formed by the action of ultraviolet rays of the sun on oxygen.<br \/>\n3O<sub>2 (g)<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 2O<sub>3(g)<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>The high energy UV radiations break oxygen molecules into oxygen atoms.<br \/>\nO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0+\u00a0Far\u00a0UV\u00a0\u2192 O\u00a0+\u00a0O<br \/>\nOxygen molecule\u00a0Oxygen atoms<\/p>\n<p>Oxygen atom reacts with oxygen molecule to form ozone.<br \/>\nO\u00a0+\u00a0O<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 O<sub>3<br \/>\n<\/sub>Atom\u00a0Molecule\u00a0Ozone<\/p>\n<p>The Net reaction is:<br \/>\n3O<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0+\u00a0Far\u00a0UV \u2192\u00a02O<sub>3<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>Question 14.<br \/>\nWhat is the function of ozone in the atmosphere?<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<br \/>\n<\/span>It is formed by the action of ultraviolet rays of the Sun on oxygen.<br \/>\nO<sub>3<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 O\u00a0+\u00a0O<sub>2<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>Ozone layer acts as a blanket in the atmosphere 16 km height above the Earths surface.<br \/>\nIt absorbs harmful ultraviolet rays (UV radiations) coming from the Sun and prevents them to reach the surface of the Earth.<\/p>\n<p>Ultraviolet rays have very harmful effects on living things.\u00a0It causes skin cancer. It destroys many organic species which are necessary for life.<\/p>\n<p>Thus it protects the life on earth from harmful effects of Ultra Violet Rays. Which can cause (a) Skin cancer (b) destroy many organic species necessary for life.<\/p>\n<p>Question 15.<br \/>\nState the chemicals responsible for ozone layer destruction.<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<br \/>\n<\/span>Chemicals responsible for ozone destruction free radical chlorine (Cl) and nitrioxide (NO) are responsible for ozone depletion i.e. react with O<sub>3<\/sub>Free radical chlorine (Cl) is produced by UV rays from chlorofluoro carbons enter the atmosphere because of excessive use as solvents, Aerosol, Spray, Propellants, Refrigerants and blowing agents for plastic foams.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Chemicals responsible for the depletion of ozone layer<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><u>Fuel of planes:<\/u>\u00a0Burning of fuels of planes emits large quantity of nitric oxide and other gases in the atmosphere. Nitric oxide reacts with ozone and form nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen trioxide. This causes depletion of ozone.<\/p>\n<p>NO(g)\u00a0+\u00a0O<sub>3<\/sub>(g)\u00a0\u2192 NO<sub>2<\/sub>(g)\u00a0+\u00a0O<sub>2<\/sub>(g)<br \/>\n(Nitrogen dioxide)<\/p>\n<p>NO<sub>2<\/sub>(g)\u00a0+\u00a0O<sub>3<\/sub>(g)\u00a0\u2192 NO<sub>3<\/sub>(g)\u00a0+\u00a0O<sub>2<\/sub>(g)<br \/>\n(Nitrogen trioxide)<\/p>\n<p><u>Excessive use of chlrofluro carbon:<\/u>\u00a0It is released by refrigerators and air conditioning systems.<br \/>\nIt causes reduction of ozone layer that protects us from harmful ultraviolet rays (UV radiations) of the Sun.<\/p>\n<p>The chlorofluro carbons are decomposed by the ultraviolet rays to highly reactive chlorine which is produced in the atomic form.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-124151\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Selina-Concise-Chemistry-Class-9-ICSE-Solutions-Atmospheric-Pollution-image-5.png\" alt=\"Selina Concise Chemistry Class 9 ICSE Solutions Atmospheric Pollution image - 5\" width=\"262\" height=\"40\" \/><br \/>\nThe free radical [Cl] reacts with ozone to form chlorine monoxide.<\/p>\n<p>Cl\u00a0+\u00a0O<sub>3<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 ClO\u00a0+\u00a0O<sub>2<br \/>\n<\/sub>(Chlorine monoxide)<\/p>\n<p>This causes depletion of ozone layer. Chlorine monoxide then reacts with atomic oxygen to produce more chlorine free radicals.<\/p>\n<p>ClO\u00a0+\u00a0O\u00a0\u2192 Cl\u00a0+\u00a0O<sub>2<br \/>\n<\/sub>(Free radical)<br \/>\nAgain this free radical destroys ozone and the process continues giving rise to depletion of ozone layer.<\/p>\n<p>Question 16.<br \/>\nName any two:<br \/>\nnatural sources of atmospheric pollution.<br \/>\ngases which are responsible for the formation of acid rain.<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<br \/>\n<\/span><strong>Natural sources of atmospheric pollution:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n<li>Decay of plants and animals<\/li>\n<li>Disintegration of rocks and soil<\/li>\n<li>SO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0and NO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0are gases responsible for acid rain<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Question 17.<br \/>\nExplain the term &#8216;global warming&#8217;. State two ways by which global warming can be reduced.<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<br \/>\n<\/span>Global warming is the increase in temperature of Earth due to enhanced concentration of greenhouse gases (CFCs) in the atmosphere.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Two ways to reduce global warming:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Plant more trees to increase green cover<\/li>\n<li>Minimise the use of automobiles<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Question 18.<br \/>\nState two effects of ozone depletion.<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<br \/>\n<\/span><strong>Effects of ozone depletion:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n<li>UV rays of the Sun reach Earth and cause sun burn, premature ageing of the skin and skin cancer.<\/li>\n<li>UV radiation can also damage several parts of the eyes, including the lens, cornea, retina and conjunctiva.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Question 19.<br \/>\nWhat is the cause of acid rain? Give any two impacts of acid rain.<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<br \/>\n<\/span><strong>Causes:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sulphur and nitrogen oxides are emitted by burning fossil fuels. Such smoke and gases entering the atmosphere make a dilute soup of sulphuric and nitric acids. This falls on the land surface in the form of acid rain damaging the things on Earth.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Impacts:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n<li>Acid rain accelerates the decay of building materials and paints, including buildings, statues and sculptures which are part of our nation&#8217;s culture and heritage.<\/li>\n<li>Acid rain causes respiratory problems in humans, especially for people suffering from asthma. It may cause throat irritation, dry cough and severe headache.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Question 20.<br \/>\nExplain the methods of preventing acid rain.<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<br \/>\n<\/span><strong>Methods of preventing acid rain:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n<li>By using coal or oil which has low sulphur content. This reduces the emission of oxides of sulphur and nitrogen responsible for acid rain.<\/li>\n<li>By using a scrubber, a device which absorbs gaseous pollutants.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Question 21.<br \/>\nState an advantage of CNG (Compressed Natural Gas).<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<br \/>\n<\/span>Using CNG causes less pollution. It does not contain lead, and it has low maintenance cost.<\/p>\n<p>Question 22.<br \/>\nState how CFC break ozone layer.<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<br \/>\n<\/span><strong>Depletion of O<sub>3<\/sub>\u00a0by CFC:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CFC is broken by UV rays of sunlight to produce [Cl] atom or free radical [Cl] which is highly reactive in the atomic form and it forms ClO<sub>(g)\u00a0<\/sub>with O<sub>2<\/sub>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CFCl<sub>3<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 CFCl<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0+ Cl(atom)<br \/>\nCl<sub>(g)<\/sub><sub>\u00a0<\/sub>+ O<sub>3(g)<\/sub><sub>\u00a0<\/sub>\u2192\u00a0ClO<sub>(g)<\/sub>\u00a0+ O<sub>2(g)<\/sub><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This depletes ozone.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ClO further produces more[Cl] free radical and destroys more of O<sub>3<\/sub>,thereby resulting in ozone depletion.<br \/>\nClO<sub>(g)<\/sub>\u00a0+ O<sub>(g)<\/sub>\u2192\u00a0Cl<sub>(g)\u00a0<\/sub>+ O<sub>2(g)<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>Question 23.<br \/>\nDescribe the methods of saving ozone layer.<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<br \/>\n<\/span><strong>Methods to protect the ozone layer:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n<li>Using alternative products such as HCFCs (hydrochlorofluorocarbons)<\/li>\n<li>Montreal Protocol, an international treaty, helps prevent ozone depletion.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Question 24.<br \/>\nFill in the blanks:<br \/>\nThe pollutants such as NO2, SO2 and SO3 dissolved in the moisture of air are the cause of ____________________.<br \/>\nExcessive release of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is the cause of __________ effect which produces global warming.<br \/>\nOzone layer prevents the harmful ________ radiation of the sun to reach the earth.<br \/>\nDecrease of the concentration of ozone in the stratosphere is the cause of formation of __________ holes.<br \/>\nOzone depletion is mainly caused by the active __________ atoms generated from CFC in the presence of UV radiation.<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n<li>acid rain<\/li>\n<li>greenhouse<\/li>\n<li>ultraviolet<\/li>\n<li>ozone<\/li>\n<li>chlorine<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Question 25.<br \/>\nSelect the correct answer:<br \/>\na. Excessive release of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is the cause of<br \/>\ni. Depletion of ozone<br \/>\nii. formation of polar vartex<br \/>\niii. global warming<br \/>\niv. formation of smog<br \/>\nb. Inhalation of air polluted with carbon monoxide is dangerous because:<br \/>\ni. CO combines with O2 dissolved in blood.<br \/>\nii. CO combines with haemoglobin of blood.<br \/>\niii. CO removes water from the body and causes dehydration.<br \/>\niv. CO causes coagulation of proteins in the body<br \/>\nc. Decrease of amount of ozone in stratosphere is called depletion of zone and it is caused by<br \/>\ni. UV radiations of sun<br \/>\nii. Use of CFC compounds<br \/>\niii. excessive use of detergents<br \/>\niv. Use of polychlorinated biphenyls<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #eb4924;\">Solution:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n<li>global warming<\/li>\n<li>CO combines with haemoglobin of blood.<\/li>\n<li>Use of CFC compounds<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>More Resources for Selina Concise Class 9 ICSE Solutions<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/selina-icse-solutions-class-9-chemistry\/\">Selina ICSE Class 9 Chemistry\u00a0Solutions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/selina-icse-solutions-class-9-physics\/\">Selina Class 9 ICSE Physics Solutions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/selina-icse-solutions-class-9-biology\/\">Selina Concise Biology Class 9 Solutions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/selina-icse-solutions-class-9-maths\/\">Selina Publishers Mathematics for Class 9<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Selina Concise Chemistry Class 9 ICSE Solutions Atmospheric Pollution ICSE SolutionsSelina ICSE Solutions Download Formulae Handbook For ICSE Class 9 and 10 Selina ICSE Solutions for Class 9 Chemistry Chapter 8 Atmospheric Pollution Page No: 128 Question 1. Define the following terms: pollution pollutant air pollution Solution: Pollution may be defined as contamination of air, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3034],"tags":[6700,6674,6283,6672,6698,6699],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v17.8 (Yoast SEO v17.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Selina Concise Chemistry Class 9 ICSE Solutions Atmospheric Pollution - A Plus Topper<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/selina-icse-solutions-class-9-chemistry-atmospheric-pollution\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Selina Concise Chemistry Class 9 ICSE Solutions Atmospheric Pollution\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Selina Concise Chemistry Class 9 ICSE Solutions Atmospheric Pollution ICSE SolutionsSelina ICSE Solutions Download Formulae Handbook For ICSE Class 9 and 10 Selina ICSE Solutions for Class 9 Chemistry Chapter 8 Atmospheric Pollution Page No: 128 Question 1. 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