{"id":13328,"date":"2023-11-28T16:00:33","date_gmt":"2023-11-28T10:30:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/?p=13328"},"modified":"2023-11-29T16:02:36","modified_gmt":"2023-11-29T10:32:36","slug":"definition-acid-base","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/definition-acid-base\/","title":{"rendered":"What is the definition of an acid and a base?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong>What is the definition of an acid and a base?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3>What is the Arrhenius definition of an acid and a base?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>What are acids?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The Swedish chemist, <strong>Arrhenius<\/strong> proposed the following definition of an acid.<br \/>\nAn <strong>acid<\/strong> is a substance which ionises or dissociates in water to produce <strong>hydrogen ions, H<sup>+<\/sup><\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>For example, hydrochloric acid, HCl(aq) is a solution of hydrogen chloride in water, obtained by dissolving pure hydrogen chloride gas in water.<br \/>\nHCl(g) \u2192\u00a0HCl(aq)<br \/>\nAs the gas dissolves in water, the hydrogen chloride molecule reacts with water and ionises to produce hydrogen ion, H<sup>+<\/sup>.<br \/>\nHCl(aq) \u2192\u00a0H<sup>+<\/sup>(aq) + Cl<sup>&#8211;<\/sup>(aq)<br \/>\nThe hydrogen ion then attaches itself to a water molecule to form the <strong>hydroxonium ion, H<sub>3<\/sub>O<sup>+<\/sup><\/strong>.<br \/>\nH<sup>+<\/sup>(aq) + H<sub>2<\/sub>O(l) \u2192\u00a0H<sub>3<\/sub>O<sup>+<\/sup>(aq)<br \/>\nHence, the overall equation for the ionisation of hydrogen chloride is given below.<br \/>\nHCl(aq) + H<sub>2<\/sub>O(1) \u2192 H<sub>3<\/sub>O<sup>+<\/sup>(aq) + Cl<sup>&#8211;<\/sup>(aq)<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-111344 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/What-is-the-definition-of-an-acid-and-a-base-1.png\" alt=\"What is the bronsted-lowry definition of an acid and a base\" width=\"403\" height=\"123\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/What-is-the-definition-of-an-acid-and-a-base-1.png 403w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/What-is-the-definition-of-an-acid-and-a-base-1-300x92.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 403px) 100vw, 403px\" \/><\/li>\n<li>For the sake of convenience, the term \u2018hydrogen ion is used to replace \u2018hydroxonium ion and H<sup>+<\/sup>(aq) is used in place of H<sub>3<\/sub>O<sup>+<\/sup>(aq).<\/li>\n<li>Hence, the ionisation of hydrochloric acid in water can be represented as:<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-111345 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/What-is-the-definition-of-an-acid-and-a-base-2.png\" alt=\"What is an acid and a base\" width=\"351\" height=\"75\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/What-is-the-definition-of-an-acid-and-a-base-2.png 351w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/What-is-the-definition-of-an-acid-and-a-base-2-300x64.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 351px) 100vw, 351px\" \/><\/li>\n<li>Other acids ionise similarly in water. Examples:<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-111346 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/What-is-the-definition-of-an-acid-and-a-base-3.png\" alt=\"What is the definition of an acid base reaction\" width=\"342\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/What-is-the-definition-of-an-acid-and-a-base-3.png 342w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/What-is-the-definition-of-an-acid-and-a-base-3-300x132.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 342px) 100vw, 342px\" \/><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-111348 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/What-is-the-definition-of-an-acid-and-a-base-4.png\" alt=\"What defines an acid or a base\" width=\"307\" height=\"42\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/What-is-the-definition-of-an-acid-and-a-base-4.png 307w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/What-is-the-definition-of-an-acid-and-a-base-4-300x41.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 307px) 100vw, 307px\" \/><\/li>\n<li>Hydrochloric acid is known as a <strong>monoprotic acid<\/strong>.\u00a0This acid contains only one ionisable hydrogen atom, producing only one hydrogen ion (proton) per molecule of acid.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Polyprotic acids<\/strong> can produce more than one hydrogen ion per molecule of acid. Sulphuric acid is a<strong> diprotic acid<\/strong>, whereas phosphoric acid is a <strong>triprotic acid<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong> Basicity<\/strong> of an acid is the number of ionisable hydrogen atoms per acid molecule.<\/li>\n<li>A number of <strong>non-metal oxides<\/strong> react with water to produce acidic solutions which contain hydrogen ions and turn blue litmus paper red. They are called <strong>acidic oxides<\/strong>.<br \/>\n(a) Carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid.<br \/>\nCO<sub>2<\/sub>(g) + H<sub>2<\/sub>O(l) \u2192 H<sub>2<\/sub>CO<sub>3<\/sub>(aq)<br \/>\n(b) Sulphur trioxide reacts with water to form sulphuric acid.<br \/>\nSO<sub>3<\/sub>(g) + H<sub>2<\/sub>O(l) \u2192 H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub>(aq)<br \/>\n(c) Dinitrogen pentoxide reacts with water to form nitric acid.<br \/>\nN<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>5<\/sub>(g) + H<sub>2<\/sub>O(l) \u2192 2HNO<sub>3<\/sub>(aq)<\/li>\n<li>Not all non-metal oxides are acidic oxides. Only those that are able to react with water can produce acidic solutions. For example, carbon monoxide does not react with water. Therefore, carbon monoxide is classified as a <strong>neutral oxide<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Acids are classified into two groups, <strong>mineral acids<\/strong> and <strong>organic acids<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Mineral acids are obtained frdm minerals, whereas organic acids are extracted from animal and plant materials.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Table 1 and Table 2 show some examples of mineral and organic acids.<\/strong><\/p>\n<table border=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"288\"><strong>Mineral acid<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"174\"><strong>Name<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"114\"><strong>Formula<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"174\">Carbonic acid<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"114\">H<sub>2<\/sub>CO<sub>3<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"174\">Hydrochloric acid<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"114\">HCl<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"174\">Hydrochlorous acid<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"114\">HClO<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"174\">Nitrous acid<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"114\">HNO<sub>2<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"174\">Nitric acid<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"114\">HNO<sub>3<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"174\">Sulphurous acid<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"114\">H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>3<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"174\">Sulphuric acid<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"114\">H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"174\">Phosphoric acid<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"114\">H<sub>3<\/sub>PO<sub>4<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table border=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"288\"><strong>Organic acid<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"178\"><strong>Name<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"110\"><strong>Formula<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"178\">Methanoic acid<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"110\">HCOOH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"178\">Ethanoic acid<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"110\">CH<sub>3<\/sub>COOH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"178\">Propanoic acid<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"110\">C<sub>2<\/sub>H<sub>5<\/sub>COOH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"178\">Ascorbic acid<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"110\">C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>8<\/sub>O<sub>5<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"178\">Citric acid<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"110\">C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>6<\/sub>O<sub>7<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"178\">Lactic acid<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"110\">C<sub>3<\/sub>H<sub>6<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"178\">Malic acid<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"110\">C<sub>4<\/sub>H<sub>6<\/sub>O<sub>5<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"178\">Ethanedioic acid<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"110\">H<sub>2<\/sub>C<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>4<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>People also ask<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/the-definition-of-an-acid-in-chemistry\/\">What is the definition of an acid in chemistry?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/the-definition-of-a-base-in-chemistry\/\">What is the definition of a base in chemistry?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/classification-of-acids\/\">Classification of Acids<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/preparation-of-acids\/\">Preparation of Acids<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/chemical-properties-acid\/\">What are the chemical properties of an acid?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/general-properties-acids\/\">General Properties of Acids<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/uses-of-acids\/\">Uses of Acids<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/preparation-of-bases\/\">Preparation of Bases<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/general-properties-bases\/\">General Properties of Bases<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/determines-strong-base-weak-base\/\">What determines a Strong Base and a Weak Base<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/the-uses-of-bases\/\">What are the uses of Bases<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/can-measure-strength-acids-alkalis\/\">How can we measure the strength of acids and alkalis?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/calculate-concentration-acids-alkalis\/\">How to calculate concentration of acids and alkalis?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/prepare-standard-solution\/\">How do you prepare a standard solution?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/meant-neutralization-reaction\/\">What is meant by a neutralization reaction?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/titration-determine-concentration-solution\/\">How does titration determine concentration?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/relationship-ph-values-molarity-acids-alkalis\/\">Relationship between pH values and molarity of acids and alkalis<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/concept-ph-scale\/\">Concept of the pH Scale<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/role-ph-everyday-life\/\">Role of pH in everyday life<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/ph-salt-solution\/\">What is the pH of a salt solution<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>What are bases?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Arrhenius\u2019 definition of a base:<br \/>\nA <strong>base<\/strong> is a substance which ionises in water to produce ydroxide ions, OH<sup>&#8211;<\/sup>.<\/li>\n<li>Bases are divided into two categories, <strong>ionic bases<\/strong> and <strong>covalent bases<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Ionic bases consist of <strong>metal oxides<\/strong> and <strong>metal hydroxides<\/strong>. Metal oxides contain oxide ions, O<sup>2-<\/sup> and metal hydroxides contain hydroxide ions, OH<sup>&#8211;<\/sup>.<\/li>\n<li>When a soluble metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide dissolves in water, it ionises to release the hydroxide ion.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-111349 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/What-is-the-definition-of-an-acid-and-a-base-5.png\" alt=\"What is an acid vs a base\" width=\"341\" height=\"75\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/What-is-the-definition-of-an-acid-and-a-base-5.png 341w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/What-is-the-definition-of-an-acid-and-a-base-5-300x66.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 341px) 100vw, 341px\" \/><\/li>\n<li>When a soluble metal oxide dissolves in water, it reacts with water to form the hydroxide ion as one of its products. For example, calcium oxide reacts with water to form calcium hydroxide, which then ionises to produce hydroxide ion.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-111351 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/What-is-the-definition-of-an-acid-and-a-base-6.png\" alt=\"What is the lewis definition of an acid and a base\" width=\"366\" height=\"138\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/What-is-the-definition-of-an-acid-and-a-base-6.png 366w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/What-is-the-definition-of-an-acid-and-a-base-6-300x113.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 366px) 100vw, 366px\" \/><\/li>\n<li>Insoluble metal oxides and metal hydroxides are classified as bases because they satisfy the alternative definition of a base.<br \/>\nA <strong>base<\/strong> is a substance that reacts with an acid to form a salt and water only.<\/li>\n<li>(a) For example, magnesium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid to form the salt magnesium chloride and water.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-111353 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/What-is-the-definition-of-an-acid-and-a-base-7.png\" alt=\"What is an acid base reaction\" width=\"369\" height=\"65\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/What-is-the-definition-of-an-acid-and-a-base-7.png 369w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/What-is-the-definition-of-an-acid-and-a-base-7-300x53.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 369px) 100vw, 369px\" \/><br \/>\n(b) On the other hand, copper(II) \u2018oxide reacts with nitric acid to produce the salt copper(II) nitrate and water.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-111354 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/What-is-the-definition-of-an-acid-and-a-base-8.png\" alt=\"Define acid\" width=\"360\" height=\"69\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/What-is-the-definition-of-an-acid-and-a-base-8.png 360w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/What-is-the-definition-of-an-acid-and-a-base-8-300x58.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" \/><\/li>\n<li>The most common covalent base is ammonia, NH3. Ammonia solution is obtained by dissolving pure ammonia gas in water. When ammonia gas dissolves in water, it reacts with water to produce hydroxide ion.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-111355 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/What-is-the-definition-of-an-acid-and-a-base-9.png\" alt=\"Whats an acid and a base\" width=\"406\" height=\"222\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/What-is-the-definition-of-an-acid-and-a-base-9.png 406w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/What-is-the-definition-of-an-acid-and-a-base-9-300x164.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 406px) 100vw, 406px\" \/><br \/>\nNotice that the ammonia, NH<sub>3<\/sub> molecule has accepted a proton, H<sup>+<\/sup> from water to form the ammonium ion, NH<sub>4<\/sub><sup>+<\/sup>.<\/li>\n<li>Bases that are soluble in water are called <strong>akalis<\/strong> (Figure).<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-111356 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/What-is-the-definition-of-an-acid-and-a-base-10.png\" alt=\"what are the properties of an acid and a base\" width=\"378\" height=\"145\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/What-is-the-definition-of-an-acid-and-a-base-10.png 378w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/What-is-the-definition-of-an-acid-and-a-base-10-300x115.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 378px) 100vw, 378px\" \/><\/li>\n<li>An alkali is defined as the following.<br \/>\nAn <strong>alkali<\/strong> is a base that is soluble in water and ionises to produce hydroxide ions.<\/li>\n<li>According to this definition, ammonia can be classified as an alkali.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Table shows some examples of bases and alkalis.<\/strong><\/p>\n<table border=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"303\">Soluble base (alkali)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"303\">Insoluble base<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"152\">Name<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"151\">Formula<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"151\">Name<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"152\">Formula<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"152\">Ammonia<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"151\">NH<sub>3<\/sub><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"151\">Magnesium oxide<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"152\">MgO<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"152\">Sodium oxide<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"151\">Na<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"151\">Magnesium hydroxide<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"152\">Mg(OH)<sub>2<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"152\">Sodium hydroxide<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"151\">NaOH<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"151\">Aluminium oxide<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"152\">Al<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"152\">Potassium oxide<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"151\">K<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"151\">Aluminium hydroxide<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"152\">Al(OH)<sub>3<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"152\">Potassium hydroxide<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"151\">KOH<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"151\">Zinc oxide<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"152\">ZnO<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"152\">Calcium oxide<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"151\">CaO<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"151\">Zinc hydroxide<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"152\">Zn(OH)<sub>2<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"152\">Calcium hydroxide<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"151\">Ca(OH)<sub>2<\/sub><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"151\">Copper(II) oxide<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"152\">CuO<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"152\">Barium oxide<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"151\">BaO<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"151\">Copper(II) hydroxide<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"152\">Cu(OH)<sub>2<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"152\">Barium hydroxide<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"151\">Ba(OH)<sub>2<\/sub><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"151\">Lead(II) oxide<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"152\">PbO<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is the definition of an acid and a base? What is the Arrhenius definition of an acid and a base? What are acids? The Swedish chemist, Arrhenius proposed the following definition of an acid. An acid is a substance which ionises or dissociates in water to produce hydrogen ions, H+. For example, hydrochloric acid, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":162673,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[84],"tags":[4840,4838,4843,4846,4847,4842,4844,4845,132,4841,4839,4848,4852,4851,4850,135,4849,4837],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v17.8 (Yoast SEO v17.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What is the definition of an acid and a base? - A Plus Topper<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/definition-acid-base\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What is the definition of an acid and a base?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What is the definition of an acid and a base? What is the Arrhenius definition of an acid and a base? What are acids? The Swedish chemist, Arrhenius proposed the following definition of an acid. An acid is a substance which ionises or dissociates in water to produce hydrogen ions, H+. For example, hydrochloric acid, [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/definition-acid-base\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"A Plus Topper\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/aplustopper\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-11-28T10:30:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-11-29T10:32:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/What-is-the-definition-of-an-acid-and-a-base-724x1024.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"724\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Veerendra\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Aplus Topper\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/aplustopper\/\"],\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/#logo\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Aplus_380x90-logo.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Aplus_380x90-logo.jpg\",\"width\":1585,\"height\":375,\"caption\":\"Aplus Topper\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/#logo\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/\",\"name\":\"A Plus Topper\",\"description\":\"Improve your Grades\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/definition-acid-base\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/What-is-the-definition-of-an-acid-and-a-base.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/What-is-the-definition-of-an-acid-and-a-base.png\",\"width\":1414,\"height\":2000,\"caption\":\"What is the definition of an acid and a base?\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/definition-acid-base\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/definition-acid-base\/\",\"name\":\"What is the definition of an acid and a base? 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