{"id":123734,"date":"2020-12-04T12:51:02","date_gmt":"2020-12-04T07:21:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/?p=123734"},"modified":"2020-12-04T12:57:20","modified_gmt":"2020-12-04T07:27:20","slug":"plus-two-computer-application-notes-chapter-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/plus-two-computer-application-notes-chapter-4\/","title":{"rendered":"Plus Two Computer Application Notes Chapter 4 Web Technology"},"content":{"rendered":"
Website – It is a collection of web pages contained text and multimedia(image, audio, video, graphics, animation etc) files.<\/p>\n
A webpage is created by HTML tags<\/p>\n
The first web page of a website is known as the home page.<\/p>\n
www – means world wide web.<\/p>\n
Portals – Rediff, Hotmail, Yahoo, etc are called portals from which the user can do multiple activities.<\/p>\n
Communication on the Web<\/span> Client to Web Server Communication<\/span> Web Server to Web Server Communication Web Server Technologies<\/span><\/p>\n Web server: A computer with high storage capacity, high speed and processing capabilities is called a web server.<\/p>\n Software ports: The computer is not a single unit. It consists of many components. The components are connected to the computer through various ports. Two types of ports Hardware and Software.<\/p>\n Hardware ports: Monitors are connected through VGA ports and the keyboard or mouse are connected through PS\/2 ports.<\/p>\n Software ports: It is used to connect client computers to servers to access different types of services. For example HTTP, FTP, SMTP etc. Unique numbers are assigned to software ports to identify them. It is a 16-bit number followed by an IP address.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n DNS Servers<\/span> http – http means hypertext transfer protocol. It is a protocol used to transfer hypertext. Web Designing<\/span> Static and Dynamic Web Pages<\/span> <\/p>\n Scripts Two types of scripts The languages that are used to write scripts are known as scripting languages.<\/p>\n Scripting Languages<\/span> b. VB Script: VB Script(developed by Microsoft) is a platform dependent scripting language. Means it requires a particular browser(MS Internet Explorer) to work that is’why it is not widely accepted scripting language.<\/p>\n c. PHP (PHP Hypertext Preprocessor)<\/p>\n d. Active Server Pages (ASP)<\/p>\n e. Java Server Pages (JSP)<\/p>\n Cascading Style Sheet (CSS)<\/span> Code reusability(just like a function in C++) is the main advantage of CSS and can be used in all the pages in a website<\/p>\n Structure of an HTML Document<\/p>\n <HTML> Tags are keywords used to define the HTML document. Two types of tags Empty and container. The container tag has both an opening and closing tags. But empty tag has an opening tag only, no closing tag. Attributes are parameters used for providing additional information within a tag.<\/p>\n An HTML document has 2 sections. Head section and body section.<\/p>\n Attributes of <HTML> tag<\/span> The title tag is given in the head section.<\/p>\n Web page contents are given in the body section.<\/p>\n Attributes of the Body tag. Heading Tags(6 tags) <H1> provides big heading and <H6> provides smallest<\/p>\n <HR> is used to draw a horizontal line. Its attributes are size, width, no shade and color.<\/p>\n <BR> is used to break a line.<\/p>\n Six Heading tags are used in HTML <H1 > to <H6>.<\/p>\n <B> to make the content Bold.<\/p>\n <I> to make the content in Italics.<\/p>\n <U> to underline the content.<\/p>\n <S> and <STRIKE> – These two are used for striking out the text<\/p>\n <BIG> To make the text size bigger than the normal text<\/p>\n <SMALL> To make the size smaller than the normal text.<\/p>\n <STRONG> The effect is same as <B> tag. That is to emphasize a block of text<\/p>\n <EM> – The effect is same as <i> tag<\/p>\n <SUB> – create a subscript<\/p>\n <SUP> create a superscript<\/p>\n <BLOCKQUOTE> – It is used to give indentation(giving leading space to a line)<\/p>\n <Q> It is used to give text within double quotes<\/p>\n <PRE> (Preformatted text) – This tag is used to display the content as we entered in the text editor.<\/p>\n <ADDRESS> This tag is used to provide information of the author or owner.<\/p>\n <MARQUEE> – This tag is used to scroll a text or image vertically or horizontally.<\/p>\n Attributes of <MARQUEE><\/span><\/p>\n Height – Sets the height of the Marquee text<\/p>\n Width – Sets the width of the Marquee text<\/p>\n Direction – Specifies the scrolling direction of the text such as up, down, left or right<\/p>\n Behavior- Specifies the type such as Scroll, Slide(Scroll and stop)and altemate(to and fro). Scrolldelay – Specifies the time delay in seconds between each jump.<\/p>\n scrollamount- Specifies the speed of the text<\/p>\n loop – This specifies the number of times the marquee scroll. Default infinite.<\/p>\n bgcolor – Specifies the back ground colour.<\/p>\n Hspace – Specifies horizontal space around the marquee<\/p>\n Vspace – Specifies vertical space around the marquee<\/p>\n <Div> – Used to define a section or a block of text with the same format.<\/p>\n Attributes Special Characters<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <IMG> tag is used to insert an image. Its important attributes are align, height, width and alt.<\/p>\n Comments are given by using <!– and \u2192 symbols.<\/p>\n Kerala Plus Two Computer Application Notes Chapter 4 Web Technology Website – It is a collection of web pages contained text and multimedia(image, audio, video, graphics, animation etc) files. A webpage is created by HTML tags The first web page of a website is known as the home page. www – means world wide web. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[42728],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n
\nFollowing are the steps that happened in between the user\u2019s click and the page being displayed<\/p>\n\n
\nThis communication is carried out between the client to the webserver (shopping site). The technology used to protect data that are transferred from client to web server is HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure). This encrypts user name, password etc., and sent to the server. HTTPS works using Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) ensures privacy as well as prevents it from unauthorized access (changes) from other websites. Following are the steps<\/p>\n\n
\n(Eg: Veri sign)<\/li>\n
\nThis communication is usually carried out between web server (seller) to another web server (normally bank). For the safe transactions Digital certificate issued by third party web sites are used.
\nPayment gateway is a server (Computer) that acts as a bridge (interface) between merchant’s server and bank\u2019s server to transfer money.<\/p>\n
\nA DNS server is a powerful computer with networking software. It consists of domain names and their corresponding IP addresses. A string address is used to represent a website, it is familiar to humans. The string address is mapped back to the numeric address using a Domain Name System (DNS). It may consist of 3 or 4 parts. The first part is www., the second part is the website name, the third top-level domain, and the fourth geographical top-level domain.
\neg.- http:\/\/www.nic.kerala.gov.in \/ results.html.<\/p>\n
\nwww – World Wide Web. With an email address, we can open our mailbox from anywhere in the world.
\nnic.kerala – It is a unique name. It is the official website name of the National Informatics Centre.
\n<script> in – It is the geographical top-level domain. It represents the country, in is used for India.
\nresults.html – It represents the file name.<\/p>\n
\nAny text editor can be used for web designing. Besides that many software tools are available in the market to make the web pages more attractive and interactive, some of the popular softwares are Adobe dream weaver, Microsoft Expression web, Blue fish, Bootstrap etc.<\/p>\n
\nSome pages are displaying same content(same text, images,etc) every time. Its content are not changing. This type of web pages are called static page. Conventional wep pages display static pages and has some limitations.
\nAdvanced tools are used to create web pages dynamic, which means pages are more attractive and interactive. For this JavaScript, VBScript, ASP, JSP, PHP, etc are used.
\nFollowing are the differences<\/p>\n
\nScripts are small programs embedded in the HTML pages.
\n<script> tag is used to write scripts The attributes used are
\nType – To specify the scripting language
\nSrc – Specify the source file<\/p>\n
\n1. Client scripts – These are scripts executed by the browser.
\nEg: VB Script, Javascript etc.
\n2. Server scripts – These are scripts executed by the server.
\nEg: ASP, JSP, PHP, Perl, etc.<\/p>\n
\na. JavaScript: Java script(developed by Brendan Eich for the Netscape browser) is a platform independent scripting language. Means It does not require a particular browser. That is it runs on any browser hence it is mostly accepted scripting language.
\nAjax: It is a technology to take data from the server and filled in the text boxes without refreshing (without reloading the entire page) the web page. Ajax is Asynchronous JavaScript and Extensible Mark up Language (XML). XML is an Extensible Mark up Language, it allows to create our own new tags. This technology uses JavaScript to perform this function. When we turned off JavaScript features in the browser, the Ajax application will not work.<\/p>\n\n
\n
\n
\nIt is a style sheet language used for specifying common format like colour of the text, font, size, etc. other than the HML codes. That is CSS file used to separate HTML content from its style.
\nIt can be written in 3 ways as follows:<\/p>\n\n
\n
\n<HEAD>
\n<TITLE>
\ngive title to the web page here
\n<\/TITLE>
\n<\/HEAD>
\n<BODY>
\nThis is the body section.
\n<\/BODY>
\n<\/HTML><\/p>\n
\nEg: empty tag: <hr>, <br> etc.
\ncontainer tag:\u00a0<html>, <\/html>, etc.<\/p>\n
\n1. Dir – This attribute specifies the direction of text displayed on the webpage, values are ltr(left to right), rtl(right to left)
\n2. Lang – This attribute specifies the language values are En(English), Hi(Hindi), Ar(Arabic), etc
\nEg: <HTML dir=\u201dltr\u201d lang=\u201dHi\u201d><\/p>\n
\nBgcolor, Background, Text, Link, ALink, VLink, LeftMargin andTopmargin<\/p>\n
\n<H1 >,<H2>,<H3>,<H4>,<H5> and <H6>.<\/p>\n
\n<marquee behavior=”scroirscrollamount=”100″> hello<\/marquee>
\n<manquee behavior=”slide” scrollamount=”100″> hello<\/manquee>
\n<marquee behavior=”alternate” scrollamount= “100”>hello<\/manquee><\/p>\n
\nalign – Sets the horizontal alignment. Values are left, right, center and justify
\nId – Used to give a unique name
\nStyle – Specify a common style to the content for example
\n<Font> used to specify the font characteristics. Its attributes are size, face, and color.<\/p>\nPlus Two Computer Application Notes<\/a><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"