{"id":11523,"date":"2022-11-18T15:30:10","date_gmt":"2022-11-18T10:00:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/?p=11523"},"modified":"2022-11-19T15:46:19","modified_gmt":"2022-11-19T10:16:19","slug":"electromagnetic-induction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/electromagnetic-induction\/","title":{"rendered":"What is the electromagnetic induction?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong>What is the electromagnetic induction?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Induced E.M.F. and Induced Current<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Figure shows an induction cooker. During cooking, only the frying pan is heated up. The surface of the cooker is not heated. How is this made possible?<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-102559 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-1.png\" alt=\"electromagnetic induction 1\" width=\"266\" height=\"263\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-1.png 266w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-1-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 266px) 100vw, 266px\" \/><\/li>\n<li>The induction cooker uses a <strong>magnetic field<\/strong> to <strong>produce eddy currents<\/strong> in the metal frying pan by a process known as <strong>electromagnetic induction<\/strong>. The flow of eddy currents in the frying pan produces heat.<\/li>\n<li>In Figure, a copper rod is released so that it falls in the magnetic field between a pair of magnets. It is found that the pointer of the centre zero galvanometer shows a deflection while the rod is moving between the magnets. The pointer then returns to its original zero position.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-102605 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-2.png\" alt=\"electromagnetic induction 2\" width=\"316\" height=\"226\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-2.png 316w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-2-300x215.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 316px) 100vw, 316px\" \/><\/li>\n<li>This shows that an electromagnetic force (em.f) is induced across the copper rod while it is moving across a magnetic field. The <strong>induced e.m.f.<\/strong> causes a <strong>current to flow in the copper rod<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>The flow chart below summarises the three steps in the production of an induced current.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-102622 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-3.png\" alt=\"electromagnetic induction 3\" width=\"407\" height=\"104\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-3.png 407w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-3-300x77.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 407px) 100vw, 407px\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>People also ask<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/alternating-current-direct-current\/\">What is alternating current and direct current?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/working-principle-ac-generator\/\">What is the Working Principle of AC Generator?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/working-principle-of-dc-generator\/\">What is the Working Principle of DC Generator?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/principle-dc-motor\/\">What is the Principle of DC Motor?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/magnetic-force-current-carrying-conductor\/\">What is magnetic force on a current carrying conductor?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/meaning-of-magnetic-force\/\">What is the Meaning of Magnetic Force?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/factors-affect-strength-electromagnet\/\">What factors affect the strength of an electromagnet?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/the-magnetic-field\/\">What is the Magnetic Field?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/magnetic-effect-of-electric-current\/\">What Is Magnetic Effect Of Electric Current?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/oersted-experiment-magnetic-effect-current\/\">Oersted Experiment on Magnetic Effect of Current<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/determine-the-direction-of-the-magnetic-field\/\">How do you Determine the Direction of the Magnetic Field?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>What is Faraday&#8217;s law?<\/h2>\n<p><strong>The Magnitude of the Induced Current: Faraday\u2019s Law<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Faraday\u2019s law<\/strong> states that the magnitude of the induced e.m.f. is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux or the rate of cutting of the magnetic flux.<\/li>\n<li>For the straight wire, the induced e.m.f. can be increased by:<br \/>\n(a) Increasing the speed of the motion<br \/>\n(b) Increasing the strength of the magnetic field<\/li>\n<li>For the solenoid, the induced e.m.f. can be increased by:<br \/>\n(a) Increasing the speed of the relative motion<br \/>\n(b) Increasing the number of turns<br \/>\n(c) Using a stronger magnetic field<\/li>\n<li>The magnitude of the induced current depends on:<br \/>\n(a) The magnitude of the induced e.m.f.<br \/>\n(b) The resistance of the circuit<br \/>\nThe relationships between the induced current and the factors affecting it are summarized in Table.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 214px;\" border=\"2\" width=\"709\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"95\"><strong>Manipulated variable<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"87\"><strong>Responding variable<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"107\"><strong>Fixed variables<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"95\">Speed of magnet is increased<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"87\">Induced current increases<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"107\">Number of turns, strength of magnet, resistance of circuit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"95\">Number of turns is increased<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"87\">Induced current increases<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"107\">Speed of magnet, strength of magnet, resistance of circuit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"95\">Strength of magnet is increased<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"87\">Induced current increases<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"107\">Speed of magnet, number of turns, resistance of circuit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"95\">Resistance of the circuit is increased<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"87\">Induced current decreases<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"107\">Speed of magnet, number of turns, strength of magnet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><strong>Induced E.M.F. and Induced Current in a Straight Conductor<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>When a wire moves and cuts magnetic field lines (or <strong>magnetic flux<\/strong>), an e.m.f. is induced across the wire.<\/li>\n<li>Electromagnetic induction Is the production of an e.m.f. across a conductor when it cuts magnetic flux.<\/li>\n<li>If the wire is in a complete circuit, the <strong>induced e.m.f.<\/strong> will cause an <strong>induced current<\/strong> to flow.<\/li>\n<li>Figure shows a direction of motion of the wire that will produce an induced current.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-102642 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-8.png\" alt=\"electromagnetic induction 8\" width=\"328\" height=\"249\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-8.png 328w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-8-300x228.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 328px) 100vw, 328px\" \/><\/li>\n<li>The <strong>direction of the induced current<\/strong> can be determined using <strong>Fleming\u2019s right hand rule<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>The following steps are used, as shown in Figure (a).<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-102648 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-21.png\" alt=\"electromagnetic induction 21\" width=\"218\" height=\"374\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-21.png 218w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-21-175x300.png 175w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 218px) 100vw, 218px\" \/>(a) Point the first finger of the right hand in the direction of the magnetic field from the North pole towards the South pole.<br \/>\n(b) Rotate the right hand until the thumb points in the direction of the motion.<br \/>\n(c) The second finger will show the direction of the induced current.<\/li>\n<li>Another rule that can be used is the right-hand slap rule, as shown in Figure (b).<br \/>\n(a) Point the four fingers of the right hand in the direction of the field.<br \/>\n(b) Rotate your hand until the thumb points in the direction of the motion.<br \/>\n(c) Do a slapping action. The direction of the slap is the direction of the induced current.<\/li>\n<li>Figure shows the change in the direction of the induced current when the direction of motion is reversed.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-102654 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-9.png\" alt=\"electromagnetic induction 9\" width=\"335\" height=\"232\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-9.png 335w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-9-300x208.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 335px) 100vw, 335px\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><strong>What is Lenz&#8217;s law of electromagnetic induction?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Induced E.M.F. and Induced Current in a Solenoid:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>When a bar magnet is moved towards a solenoid, the magnetic flux moves together with the magnet and cuts the windings of the solenoid.<\/li>\n<li>An e.m.f. is induced in the solenoid as shown in Figure.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-102662 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-11.png\" alt=\"electromagnetic induction 11\" width=\"342\" height=\"178\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-11.png 342w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-11-300x156.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 342px) 100vw, 342px\" \/><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-102665 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-12.png\" alt=\"electromagnetic induction 12\" width=\"329\" height=\"240\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-12.png 329w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-12-300x219.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 329px) 100vw, 329px\" \/><\/li>\n<li>Electromagnetic induction can also be defined as the production of an e.m.f. across a solenoid when the windings of the solenoid are cut by magnetic flux.<\/li>\n<li>If the ends of the solenoid are connected to a sensitive centre-zero galvanometer, the deflection of the pointer will show that an induced current flows in the solenoid, as shown in Figure.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-102713 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-13.png\" alt=\"electromagnetic induction 13\" width=\"302\" height=\"213\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-13.png 302w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-13-300x212.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 302px) 100vw, 302px\" \/><\/li>\n<li>Lenz\u2019s law is used to determine the polarity of the ends of the solenoid facing the magnet. The right-hand grip rule is then used to determine the direction of the induced current in the solenoid.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lenz\u2019s law states<\/strong> that <strong>the direction of the induced current<\/strong> is such that <strong>the motion producing it will be opposed<\/strong>. The use of Lenz\u2019s law is illustrated in Figure.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-102723 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-14-1.png\" alt=\"electromagnetic induction 14\" width=\"361\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-14-1.png 361w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-14-1-212x300.png 212w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 361px) 100vw, 361px\" \/><\/li>\n<li>Lenz\u2019s law for solenoids is summarised in Table.<br \/>\n<table style=\"height: 113px;\" border=\"2\" width=\"678\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"94\"><strong>Relative motion between magnet and solenoid<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"79\"><strong>Polarity at the end of the solenoid facing the magnet<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"86\"><strong>Force between solenoid and magnet<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"94\">Towards each other<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"79\">Same polarity as the magnet<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"86\">Repulsion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"94\">Away from each other<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"79\">Opposite polarity as the magnet<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"86\">Attraction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/li>\n<li>Lenz\u2019s law is an example of the principle of conservation of energy. When the magnet or solenoid is moved against the opposing force, work is done. Therefore, mechanical energy is converted to electrical energy.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><strong>Electromagnetic Induction Examples<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Figure shows the direction of the induced current in a wire.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-102727\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-10.png\" alt=\"electromagnetic induction 10\" width=\"153\" height=\"169\" \/><br \/>\nIn which direction did the wire move to produce the induced current?<br \/>\n<strong>Solution:<br \/>\n<\/strong>Using Fleming\u2019s right-hand rule or the right-hand slap rule, the direction of motion of the wire is D.<\/li>\n<li>Figure shows a bar magnet falling towards a solenoid.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-102735\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-15.png\" alt=\"electromagnetic induction 15\" width=\"139\" height=\"205\" \/><br \/>\nWhat is the polarity at X and the direction of the current at Y?<br \/>\n<strong>Solution:<\/strong><br \/>\nThe magnet is moving towards the solenoid. According to Lenz\u2019s law, the magnet and solenoid must repel each other. Therefore, X is a North pole. The current at end X is in the anti-clockwise direction. Therefore, the current at Y is to the left.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><strong>Factors Affecting the Magnitude of the Induced Current Experiment<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Aim:<\/strong> To study the factors that affect the magnitude of the induced current.<br \/>\n<strong>Materials:\u00a0<\/strong>Two solenoids with 600 and 1200 turns respectively, two bar magnets, connecting wires, rubber bands<br \/>\n<strong>Apparatus:<\/strong> Sensitive centre-zero galvanometer<br \/>\n<strong>Method:<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-102740 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-16.png\" alt=\"electromagnetic induction 16\" width=\"301\" height=\"273\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-16.png 301w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-16-300x272.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 301px) 100vw, 301px\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The apparatus is set up as shown in Figure.<\/li>\n<li>A bar magnet is pushed slowly into the solenoid of 600 turns. The maximum reading of the galvanometer is recorded.<\/li>\n<li>The bar magnet is pushed quickly into the solenoid of 600 turns. The maximum reading of the galvanometer is recorded.<\/li>\n<li>The bar magnet is pushed slowly into the solenoid of 1200 turns. The maximum reading of the galvanometer is recorded.<\/li>\n<li>Rubber bands is used to tie two bar magnets together with like poles side by side.<\/li>\n<li>The two magnets are pushed slowly into the solenoid of 600 turns. The maximum reading of the galvanometer is recorded.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Observations:<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<table border=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"95\"><strong>Step taken<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"114\"><strong>Number of bar magnets<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"112\"><strong>Speed of magnet<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"132\"><strong>Number of turns of solenoid<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"130\"><strong>Maximum reading of galvanometer<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"95\">Step 2<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"114\">1<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"112\">Slow<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"132\">600<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"130\">16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"95\">Step 3<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"114\">1<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"112\">Fast<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"132\">600<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"130\">30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"95\">Step 4<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"114\">1<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"112\">Slow<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"132\">1200<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"130\">32<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"95\">Step 6<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"114\">2<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"112\">Slow<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"132\">600<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"130\">28<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong> Discussion:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The reading of the galvanometer is proportional to the induced current.<\/li>\n<li>By comparing the observations in steps 2 and 3, the magnitude of the induced current increases when the speed of the magnet is increased.<\/li>\n<li>By comparing the observations in steps 2 and 4, the magnitude of the induced current increases when the number of turns of the solenoid is increased.<\/li>\n<li>Two bar magnets with like poles side by side produce a stronger magnetic field. By comparing the observations of steps 2 and 6, the magnitude of the induced current increases when the strength of the magnetic field is increased.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Conclusion:<\/strong><br \/>\nThe magnitude of the induced current in a solenoid increases when the speed of the magnet, the number of turns of the solenoid or strength of the magnetic field is increased.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Electromagnetic Induction Applications<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Applications of Electromagnetic Induction:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The direct current generator and the alternating current generator make use of electromagnetic induction to produce an output voltage.<\/li>\n<li>The coil is rotated by an external force and cuts the magnetic flux.<\/li>\n<li>An alternating e.m.f. is induced in the coil.<\/li>\n<li>In the direct current generator, a direct current output is obtained by using a split-ring commutator. In the alternating current generator, two slip rings are used to obtain an alternating current output.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Figure and Table compares the direct current generator and the alternating current generator.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-102749 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-17.png\" alt=\"electromagnetic induction 17\" width=\"339\" height=\"336\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-17.png 339w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-17-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-17-300x297.png 300w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-17-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 339px) 100vw, 339px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-102774 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-18.png\" alt=\"electromagnetic induction 18\" width=\"348\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-18.png 348w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-18-300x287.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 348px) 100vw, 348px\" \/><\/p>\n<table border=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"303\"><strong>Direct current generator<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"303\"><strong>Alternating current generator<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"606\">A coil of many turns rotated by an external force in a magnetic field produced by permanent magnets.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"606\">Uses electromagnetic induction to generate an e.m.f. in the coil.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"303\">Ends of the coil connected to a split-ring commutator.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"303\">Ends of the coil connected to two slip rings.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"303\">The two halves of the split-ring commutator exchange contact with the carbon brushes every half rotation.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"303\">Each slip ring is always in contact with the same carbon brush.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"303\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Output current flows in one direction through load resistance, R.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-102778\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-19.png\" alt=\"electromagnetic induction 19\" width=\"271\" height=\"143\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"303\">Output current through load flows to and fro in opposite directions j resistance, R.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-102784\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-20.png\" alt=\"electromagnetic induction 20\" width=\"278\" height=\"140\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"606\">\n<ul>\n<li>The magnitude of the output voltage increases when:<br \/>\n(a) Number of turns of the coil is increased<br \/>\n(b) The strength of the permanent magnets is increased<br \/>\n(c) The speed of rotation is increased<\/li>\n<li>Increasing the speed of rotation of the coil also increases the frequency of the output voltage.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><strong>Electromagnetic Induction Experiment<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Aim:<\/strong> To observe electromagnetic induction in<br \/>\n<strong>A.<\/strong> a straight wire <strong>B.<\/strong> a solenoid<\/p>\n<h3><strong>A. Electromagnetic Induction in a Straight Wire<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Materials:<\/strong> Copper rod with bare ends<br \/>\n<strong>Apparatus:<\/strong> Magnadur magnets, connecting wires with crocodile clips, sensitive centre-zero galvanometer<br \/>\n<strong>Method:<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-102786 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-4.png\" alt=\"electromagnetic induction 4\" width=\"407\" height=\"317\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-4.png 407w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-4-300x234.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 407px) 100vw, 407px\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The apparatus is set up as shown in Figure.<\/li>\n<li>The copper rod is held stationary between the poles of the magnet. The reading of the galvanometer is observed.<\/li>\n<li>The rod is moved quickly in Direction 1 as shown in Figure. The reading of the pointer of the galvanometer is observed.<\/li>\n<li>Step 3 is repeated for directions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Observations:<\/strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-102788 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-5.png\" alt=\"electromagnetic induction 5\" width=\"416\" height=\"269\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-5.png 416w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-5-300x194.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 416px) 100vw, 416px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Discussion:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The magnetic field lines are horizontal lines from the North pole to the South pole.<\/li>\n<li>Directions 3, 4, 5 and 6 are directions of motion where the copper rod moves along the magnetic field lines and does not cut the lines.<\/li>\n<li>Directions 1 and 2 are directions of motion where the copper rod cuts across the magnetic field lines.<\/li>\n<li>An electric current is detected by the galvanometer when its pointer shows a deflection.<\/li>\n<li>A current is produced in the copper rod when it is moved to cut across the magnetic field lines.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><strong>B. Electromagnetic Induction in a Solenoid<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Materials:<\/strong> Solenoid with 600 turns<br \/>\n<strong>Apparatus:<\/strong> Bar magnet, connecting wires, sensitive centre-zero galvanometer<br \/>\n<strong>Method:<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-102796 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-6.png\" alt=\"electromagnetic induction 6\" width=\"303\" height=\"276\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-6.png 303w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-6-300x273.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 303px) 100vw, 303px\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The apparatus is set up as shown in Figure.<\/li>\n<li>The solenoid is kept stationary. The reading of the galvanometer is observed for each of the following actions:<br \/>\n(a) The bar magnet is pushed into the solenoid<br \/>\n(b) The bar magnet is held stationary in the solenoid<br \/>\n(c) The bar magnet is pulled out of the solenoid<\/li>\n<li>The bar magnet is held stationary. The reading of the galvanometer is observed for each of the following actions:<br \/>\n(a) The solenoid is pushed towards the bar magnet<br \/>\n(b) The solenoid is pulled away from the bar magnet<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Observations:<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-102797 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-7.png\" alt=\"electromagnetic induction 7\" width=\"625\" height=\"184\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-7.png 625w, https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/electromagnetic-induction-7-300x88.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 625px) 100vw, 625px\" \/><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> Discussion:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The permanent magnet produces a magnetic field in the region around it. When the magnet is moved, the magnetic field moves together with it.<\/li>\n<li>When the magnet is moved towards and into the solenoid, the magnetic field lines cut the solenoid.<\/li>\n<li>The galvanometer showed a positive reading when the magnet and solenoid were coming closer to each other. This shows that a current was produced in the solenoid in a certain direction.<\/li>\n<li>When the magnet is moved out of the solenoid and away from it, the magnetic field lines again cut the solenoid.<\/li>\n<li>The galvanometer showed a negative reading when the magnet and solenoid were moving further away from each other. A current was produced in the solenoid in the opposite direction.<\/li>\n<li>A current is induced in a solenoid when there is relative motion between the solenoid and a magnet.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Conclusion:<\/strong><br \/>\nCurrent is induced in a straight conductor when it moves and cuts the magnetic field lines. Current is induced in a solenoid when there is relative motion between the solenoid and a magnet.<\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is the electromagnetic induction? Induced E.M.F. and Induced Current Figure shows an induction cooker. During cooking, only the frying pan is heated up. The surface of the cooker is not heated. How is this made possible? The induction cooker uses a magnetic field to produce eddy currents in the metal frying pan by a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[404],"tags":[4286,4295,4285,4289,4288,4287,4298,4284,4299,4297,4293,4278,4290,4281,4300,4296,4283,4280,4294,4279,4282,4277],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v17.8 (Yoast SEO v17.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What is the electromagnetic induction? - A Plus Topper<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aplustopper.com\/electromagnetic-induction\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What is the electromagnetic induction?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What is the electromagnetic induction? 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Induced E.M.F. and Induced Current Figure shows an induction cooker. During cooking, only the frying pan is heated up. The surface of the cooker is not heated. How is this made possible? 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